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2016, Número 3

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Rev Hosp Jua Mex 2016; 83 (3)


Cáncer de ovario. De la detección a la prevención

Vargas-Hernández VM, Vargas-Aguilar VM, Aboharp-Hasan Z, Sosa-Durán EE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 51
Paginas: 92-104
Archivo PDF: 295.43 Kb.


RESUMEN

El cáncer de ovario es la quinta causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres y la más común por cáncer ginecológico; el riesgo de por vida para desarrallarlo es 1.3%, con edad media al diagnóstico de 63 años. Existen muchos tipos por su aspecto macroscópico, histopatológico, inmunohistoquímico, y genómico; el tipo epitelial representa 75% y son responsables de 90% de las muertes; se desconoce la etiología, algunos surgen a partir de mutaciones genéticas con tendencia familiar; el pronóstico depende principalmente del tipo histopatológico, etapa clínica y diagnóstico temprano; la detección no ha tenido éxito y se asocia con resultados falsos positivos que conducen a cirugía innecesaria con complicaciones quirúrgicas; la mortalidad no ha cambiado mucho y el tratamiento es quirúrgico. La prevención del cáncer de ovario con anticonceptivos orales reduce el riesgo relativo en 22 a 56%; la oclusión tubaria bilateral 30%; la salpingooforectomía bilateral (80%) en personas de alto riesgo; la salpingectomía bilateral como alternativa a otras técnicas de esterilización al momento de cualquier cirugía pélvica por causas benignas reduce la incidencia, y mortalidad en la población general y debería ser rutinaria.


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