Kúsulas-Delint D, González-Regueiro JA, Rodríguez-Aldama JC, García-Miranda FS, García-Santos RA, Lizardo AE, Gutiérrez-Grobe Y

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 55
Paginas: 10-20
Archivo PDF: 184.89 Kb.

RESUMEN

La incidencia y la prevalencia de la enfermedad de Crohn (EC) han aumentado en todo el mundo. La carga económica y el impacto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes nos obligan a realizar un diagnóstico precoz, para así inducir y mantener la remisión, previniendo las complicaciones a largo plazo. Se ha descrito un gradiente Norte-Sur de la prevalencia de la EC; sin embargo, existen pocos reportes acerca de la epidemiología de esta entidad en los países latinoamericanos, por lo tanto, la prevalencia real y el desarrollo de la enfermedad en nuestra población se desconocen. Durante los últimos años, expertos han hecho importantes avances en el diagnóstico y manejo de la EC; no obstante, actualmente, no contamos con un tratamiento curativo. El conocimiento reciente de las terapias inmunomoduladoras y biológicas ha establecido nuevas metas para la inducción y mantenimiento de la remisión en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. En este artículo revisamos los aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos más actuales, enfocándonos en la evaluación del paciente; asimismo, hacemos un breve repaso del tratamiento de la EC.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

1. Stange E. European evidence based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease: definitions and diagnosis. Gut 2006; 55.

2. Van Assche G, Dignass A, Panes J. The second European evidence- based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease: Definitions and diagnosis. Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis 2010; 4(1): 7-27.

3. Mitchell PJ, Rabau MY, Haboubi NY. Indeterminate colitis. Tech Coloproctol 2007; 11: 91-6.

4. Schultz MButt A. Is the north to south gradient in inflammatory bowel disease a global phenomenon? Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2012; 6(4): 445-7.

5. Vind I, Riis L, Jess T, Knudsen E. Increasing incidences of inflammatory bowel disease and decreasing surgery rates in Copenhagen City and County, 2003-2005: A population-based study from the Danish Crohn colitis database. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101(6): 1274-82.

6. Yapp T, Stenson R, Thomas G. Crohn’s disease incidence in Cardiff from 1930: an update for 1991-1995. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 12(8): 907-11.

7. Rubin G, Hungin A, Kelly P. Inflammatory bowel disease: epidemiology and management in an English general practice population. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2000; 14(12): 1553-9.

8. Loftus C, Loftus E, Harmsen S. Update on the incidence and prevalence of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1940–2000. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2007; 13(3): 254-61.

9. Bernstein C, Wajda A, Svenson L. The Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada: A Population-Based Study. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101(7): 1559-68.

10. Cosnes J, Gower-Rousseau C, Seksik P. Epidemiology and Natural History of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Gastroenterology 2011; 140(6): 1785-94.

11. Hou J, El-Serag H, Thirumurthi S. Distribution and manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in Asians, Hispanics, and African Americans: A systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104(8): 2100-9.

12. Yamamoto-Furusho J. Clinical Epidemiology of Ulcerative Colitis in Mexico. J Clin Gastroenterol 2009; 43(3): 221-4.

13. Hou J, El-Serag H, Sellin J, Thirumurthi S. Inflammatory bowel disease characteristics and treatment in Hispanics and Caucasians. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56(5): 1476-81.

14. MacDonald T, Monteleone I, Fantini M. Regulation of Homeostasis and Inflammation in the Intestine. Gastroenterology 2011; 140(6): 1768-75.

15. Loftus E, Schoenfeld P, Sandborn W. The epidemiology and natural history of Crohn’s disease in population-based patient cohorts from North America: a systematic review. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2002; 16(1): 51-60.

16. Strober W, Asano N, Fuss I. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying NOD2 risk-associated polymorphisms in Crohn’s disease. Immunol Rev 2014; 260(1): 249-60.

17. Van der Heide F,Dijkstra A, Weersma RK. Effects of active and passive smoking on disease course of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009; 15(8): 1199-207.

18. Kaplan G, Jackson T, Sands B. The Risk of developing Crohn’s disease after an appendectomy: A meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103(11): 2925-31.

19. Andersson R, Olaison G, Tysk C. Appendectomy is followed by increased risk of Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 2003; 124(1): 40-6.

20. Ferrer I, Hinojosa del Val J. Definiciones, manifestaciones clínicas y diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Crohn. Medicine 2012; 11(5): 257-65.

21. Laass MW, Roggenbuck D, Conrad K. Diagnosis and classification of Crohn’s disease. Autoimmunity Reviews 2014; 467-71.

22. Etzel J, Larson M, Anawalt B. Assessment and management of low bone density in inflammatory bowel disease and performance of professional society guidelines. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2011; 17(10): 2122-9.

23. Robinson RJ,?Iqbal SJ,?Al-Azzawi F,?et al. Sex hormone status and bone metabolism in men with Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther?1998; 12(1): 21-5.

24. Wilkins T, Jarvis K, Patel J.?Diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease?American Family Physician 2011; 84(12): 1365-75.

25. Strong S, Steele SR, Boutrous M. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Surgical Management of Crohn’s Disease. Dis Colon Rectum 2015; 58(11): 1021-36.

26. Ailsa L. Hart, Siew C. Crohn’s disease. Inflammatory Bowel Disease; 43(5): 282-90.

27. Murawska N, Fabisiak A, Fichna J. Anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2016; 22(5): 1198-208.

28. Brakenhoff L, Heijde D, Hommes D. IBD and arthropathies: a practical approach to its diagnosis and management. Gut; 60(10): 1426-35.

29. Uko V, Thangada S, Radhakrishnan K. Liver Disorders in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2012; 2012.

30. Battat R, Kopylov U, Szilagyi A. Vitamin B12 deficiency in inflam- matory bowel disease: prevalence, risk factors, evaluation, and management. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014; 20(6): 1120-8.

31. Kazmierczak IK, Wysocka E, Szymczak A. Osteoprotegerin, s- RANKL, and selected interleukins in the pathology of bone metabolism in patients with Crohn’s disease. Prz Gastroenterol 2016; 11(1): 30-4.

32. Fraser C, Satish K, Simon P. Medical management of Crohn’s disease. BMJ 2008; 336.

33. Thad W, Athryn J, Jigneshkumar P. Diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease. Am Fam Physician?2011; 84(12): 1365-75.

34. Quinton J, Sendid B, Reumaux D. Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies combined with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and diagnostic role. Gut 1998; 42(6): 788-91.

35. Yazici D, Aydin S, Yavuz D. Anti-Saccaromyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) are elevated in autoimmune thyroid disease ASCA in autoimmune thyroid diseae. Endocrine 2010; 38(2): 194-8.

36. Satsangi J, Silverberg MS, Vermeire S. The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: controversies, consensus, and implications. Gut 2006; 55: 749-53.

37. Sandborn W, Feagan B, Hanauer S. A review of activity indices and efficacy endpoints for clinical trials of medical therapy in adults with Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 2002; 122(2): 512-30.

38. Harvey RF, Bradshaw JM. A simple index of Crohn’s disease Activity. Lancet 1980; 1: 514.

39. Best W, Becktel J, Singleton J. Development of a Crohn’s disease activity index?Gastroenterology 1976; 70(3): 439-44.

40. Chande N, Tsoulis DJ, MacDonald JK. Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn’s disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; (4): CD000545.

41. Ransford RA, Langman MJ. Sulphasalazine and mesalazine: serious adverse reactions re-evaluated on the basis of suspected adverse reaction reports to the Committee on Safety of Medicines. Gut 2002; 51: 536-9.

42. Seow CH, Benchimol EI, Griffiths AM. Budesonide for induction of remission in Crohn’s disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008:CD000296.

43. Gisbert JP, Gomollon F. Thiopurine-induced myelotoxicity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a review. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 1783-800.

44. Arora S, Katkov W, Cooley J. Methotrexate in Crohn’s disease: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hepatogastroenterology 1999; 46: 1724-9.

45. Feagan BG, Fedorak RN, Irvine EJ, Wild G. A comparison of methotrexate with placebo for the maintenance of remission in Crohn’s disease. North American Crohn’s Study Group Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1627-32.

46. Fraser AG. Methotrexate: first-line or second line immunomodulator? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 15: 225-31.

47. Narula N, Kainz S, Petritsch W. The efficacy and safety of either infliximab or adalimumab in 362 patients with anti- TNF-α naïve Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44(2): 170-80.

48. Takeshima F, Yoshikawa D, Higashi S. Clinical efficacy of adalimumab in Crohn’s disease: a real practice observational study in Japan. BMC Gastroenterology 2016; 16: 82.

49. Loftus EV Jr., Colombel JF, Schreiber S. Safety of long-term treatment with certolizumab pegol in patients with Crohn’s disease, based on a pooled analysis of data from clinical t r i a l s . Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016. pii: S1542- 3565(16)30440-2.

50. Ungar B, Kopylov U. Advances in the development of new biologics in inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Gastroenterol 2016; 29: 243-8.

51. Pouillon L, Bossuyt P, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Considerations, challenges and future of anti-TNF therapy in treating inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016: 1-14.

52. Khanna R, Mosli MH, Feagan BG. Anti-Integrins in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease: What is their place? Dig Dis 2016; 34(1-2): 153-9.

53. Lichtenstein L, Avni-Biron I, Ben-Bassat O. Probiotics and prebiotics in Crohn’s disease therapies. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 30(1): 81-8.

54. Mowat C, Cole A, Windsor A, Ahmad T. Guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut 2011; 60(5): 571-607.

55. Louis E, Collard A, Oger AF. Behavior of Crohn’s disease according to the Vienna classification: changing pattern over the course of the disease. Gut 2001; 49: 777-82.