Cristóvão-Calado JM, Broche-Pérez Y, Rodríguez-Méndez L

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 53
Paginas: 79-85
Archivo PDF: 87.86 Kb.

RESUMEN

El alcohol constituye una droga de elevado consumo a escala global. En el caso particular de los seres humanos, existen numerosas consecuencias asociadas a su consumo excesivo que varían de acuerdo al sexo, peso corporal, velocidad de su ingestión, tamaño de dosis, entre otros factores. En la actualidad no existen dudas sobre el impacto negativo que tiene el alcohol sobre el sistema nervioso central (SNC) existiendo varias hipótesis sobre la acción específica de esta sustancia sobre el funcionamiento cerebral. Objetivo: se realizó una revisión del estado actual de la literatura científica en relación a los efectos del alcohol sobre el SNC y consecuencias neuropsicológicas asociadas a su consumo. Resultados: existen varios modelos que intentan explicar los mecanismos de acción del alcohol sobre el cerebro destacándose los modelos basados en las características individuales de alcohólicos y modelos basados en la vulnerabilidad de los sistemas cerebrales. Dentro de las áreas que resultan más afectadas por esta sustancia se encuentran las estructuras prefrontales y el cerebelo. Conclusiones: existe evidencia empírica sólida que demuestra los efectos estructurales y funcionales nocivos que provoca el alcohol sobre el sistema nervioso central, fundamentalmente a causa de su consumo sistemático.

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