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2016, Número 5

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AMC 2016; 20 (5)


Artroplastia unicompartimental de la rodilla

Álvarez LA, García LYC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 58
Paginas: 553-564
Archivo PDF: 564.75 Kb.


RESUMEN

Fundamento: la artroplastia unicompartimental de la rodilla constituye un método de tratamiento justificado en enfermos con afección de un solo compartimento. Los compartimentos más afectados son el tibiofemoral medial y patelofemoral.
Objetivo: profundizar en los elementos necesarios para el empleo de la artroplastia unicompartimental de la rodilla en cuanto a: incidencia, indicaciones y contraindicaciones, papel de la artroscopia, artroplastia unicompartimental versus osteotomía tibial alta, artroplastia unicompartimental versus artroplastia total de rodilla, resultados de la artroplastia unicompartimental y complicaciones.
Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 654 artículos publicados en P ubmed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el localizador de información Endnote, de ellos se utilizaron 58 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, 56 de ellas de los últimos cinco años, donde se incluyeron cinco libros y una cita de los propios autores.
Desarrollo: se discuten los aspectos relacionados con la incidencia según compartimento afectado, indicaciones y contraindicaciones. Se aborda el papel de la artroscopia en la artroplastia unicompartimental, así como su relación con la osteotomía tibial alta y la artroplastia total de la articulación. En relación a las complicaciones se describen las más importantes con énfasis en la infección.
Conclusiones: la artroplastia unicompartimental es una modalidad de tratamiento quirúrgico efectiva, en especial cuando se selecciona de manera adecuada los enfermos. Este procedimiento tiene una alta supervivencia con resultados excelentes y buenos.


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