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2016, Número 4

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2016; 59 (4)


Asma en pediatría

Navarrete-Rodríguez E, Sienra-Monge JJL, Pozo-Beltrán CF

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 37
Paginas: 5-15
Archivo PDF: 381.64 Kb.


RESUMEN

El asma es un trastorno inflamatorio crónico de las vías respiratorias, que lleva a episodios recurrentes de sibilancias, disnea, sensación de opresión torácica y tos. Actualmente se considera como un problema de salud pública en diversos países, y en México su prevalencia se estima en un 8%.
Se puede dividir en 2 grandes grupos: asma alérgica, mediada por inmunoglobulina E (IgE) y desencadenada principalmente por aeroalérgenos, y asma no alérgica, cuyos factores etiológicos son las infecciones, irritantes, etc.
Los principales componentes a identificar antes de iniciar el tratamiento son: la gravedad, el control, la respuesta a medicamentos y la incapacidad provocada. El tratamiento farmacológico se basa en medicamentos rescatadores, que se utilizan en situaciones agudas, y controladores administrados de forma continua y encaminados a disminuir la inflamación y los síntomas a largo plazo. Las decisiones de la terapéutica instalada deben de ser dinámicas, pasando de una etapa a otra, de acuerdo con los síntomas.
En el caso de que exista algún alérgeno como desencadenante de los cuadros, se recomienda utilizar la inmunoterapia para reducir la respuesta alérgica, principalmente en los casos en los que el alérgeno no pueda evitarse.


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