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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2005, Número 4

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salud publica mex 2005; 47 (4)


Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria como factor de riesgo para osteoporosis

Rivera-Gallardo MT, Parra-Cabrera MS, Barriguete-Meléndez JA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 120
Paginas: 308-318
Archivo PDF: 146.69 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria son comunes en mujeres jóvenes con una prevalencia estimada de entre 4-5%. La pérdida de masa ósea es una complicación física de la anorexia nervosa y trastorno alimentario no especificado que afecta tanto a hueso cortical como trabecular. El efecto sinérgico de la desnutrición y la deficiencia de estrógenos produce una pérdida de masa ósea a través del desacoplamiento entre resorción osteoclástica y formación osteoblástica. La severidad varía dependiendo de la duración de la enfermedad, el peso menor alcanzado y la actividad física. La repercusión a largo plazo es evidente pues existe un incremento en el riesgo de fractura en las pacientes que han padecido anorexia nervosa. La primera línea de tratamiento para recuperar la masa ósea es la rehabilitación nutricia y un incremento de peso. La terapia de reemplazo hormonal podría ser efectiva si se combina con métodos anabólicos. Los términos osteopenia y osteoporosis fueron adoptados para definir la deficiencia de masa ósea en adultos. Los autores de las publicaciones que fueron revisadas utilizaron dichos términos para definir datos densitométricos en sujetos jóvenes que no han alcanzado la masa ósea pico. Sugerimos el término “hipo-osteogenesia” para definir el desarrollo deficiente de masa ósea en adolescentes o niños.


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