Morley JE

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 150
Paginas: 59-67
Archivo PDF: 107.30 Kb.

RESUMEN

Sin resumen.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

1. Dunn AA. Giants of Geriatrics. Nursing Times. 1976;72:362-3.

2. Isaacs B. Ageing and the doctor. In: Holmon D (ed.) The Impact of Ageing. London: Croom Helm. 1981.

3. Abellan van KG, Rolland Y, Bergman H, et al. The I.A.N.A. Task Force on frailty assessment of older people in clinical practice. J Nutr Health Aging. 2008;12:29-37.

4. Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, et al. Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56A: M146-56.

5. Morley JE, Vellas B, van Kan GA, et al. Frailty consensus: A call to action. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012;13:546-51.

6. Fried LP, Xue QL, Cappola AR, et al. Nonlinear multisystem physiological dysregulation associated with frailty in older women: Implications for etiology and treatment. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64:1049-57.

7. Fried LP, Ferrucci L, Carer J, et al. Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: Implications for improved targeting and care. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59:255-63.

8. Romero-Ortuno R, Walsh CD, Lawlor BA, Kenny RA. A frailty instrument for primary care; Findings from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). BMC Geriatr. 2010; 10:57.

9. Clegg A, Young J, Iliffe S, et al. Frailty in elderly people. Lancet. 2013;381:752-62.

10. 10 Morley JE, Malmstrom TK, Miller DK. A simple frailty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle-aged African Americans. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16:601-8.

11. Woo J, Leung J, Morley JE. Comparison of frailty indicators based on clinical phenotype and the multiple deficit approach in predicting mortality and physical function. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012; 60:1478-86.

12. Woo J, Yu R, Wong M, et al. Frailty screening in the community using the FRAIL scale. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:412-9.

13. Rosenberg IH, Roubenoff R. Stalking sarcopenia. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:727-8.

14. Morley JE. Baumgartner RN, Roubenoff R, et al. Sarcopenia. J Lab Clin Med. 2001;137:231-43.

15. Manini TM, Clark BC. Dynapenia and aging: An update. J Gerontol. 2012:67:28-40.

16. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on sarcopenia in older people. Age Ageing. 2010;39:412-23.

17. Fielding RA, Vellas B, Evans WJ, et al. Current consensus definition: Prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International Working Group on Sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011;12: 249-56.

18. Morley JE, Abbatecola AM, Argiles JM, et al; Society on Sarcopenia Cachexia and Wasting disorders Trialist Workshop. Sarcopenia with limited mobility: An international consensus. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011;12:403-9.

19. Dam TT, Peters KW, Fragala M, et al. An evidence-based comparison of operational criteria for the presence of sarcopenia. J Gerontol. 2014;69A:584-90.

20. Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, et al. Sarcopenia in Asia: Consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15:95-101.

21. Malmstrom TK, Morley JE. SARC-F: A simple questionnaire to rapidly diagnose sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14:531-2.

22. Woo J, Leung J, Morley JE. Defining sarcopenia in terms of incident adverse outcomes. J Am Med Dir. 2015;16:247-52.

23. Malmstrom TK, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, et al. SARC-F: A symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes. J Cachexia Sarc Muscle. 2015 [Epub ahead of print].

24. Morley JE. Rapid Geriatric Assessment. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:808-12.

25. Woo J, Yu R, Wong M, et al. Frailty screening in the community using the FRAIL Scale. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:412-19.

26. Mijnarends DM, Schols JM, Meijers JM, et al. Instruments to assess sarcopenia and physical frailty in older people living in a community (care) setting: Similarities and discrepancies. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:301-8.

27. Ensrud KE, Ewing SK, Cawthon PM, et al. A comparison of frailty indexes for the prediction of falls, disability, fractures, and mortality in older men. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57:492-8.

28. Romero-Ortuno R, Soraghan C. A frailty instrument for primary care for those aged 75 years or more: Findings from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, a longitudinal populationbased cohort study (SHARE-FI75+). BMJ Open. 2014; 4: e006645.

29. Romero-Ortuno R. The Frailty instrument of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE-FI) predicts mortality beyond age, comorbidities, disability, self-rated health, education and depression. Eur Geriatr Med. 2011;2:323-6.

30. Peters LL, Boter H, Buskens E, Slaets JP. Measurement properties of the Groningen Frailty Indicator in home-dwelling and institutionalized elderly people. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012;13:546-51.

31. Gobbens RJ, van Assen MA, Luijkx KG, et al. Determinants of frailty. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010;11:356-64.

32. Gobbens RJ, van Assen MA, Luijkx KG, et al. The Tilburg Frailty Indicator: Psychometric properties. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010; 11:344-55.

33. Hoogendijk EO, van Hout HP. Investigating measurement properties of the Groningen Frailty Indicator: A more systematic approach is needed. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012;13:757.

34. Choi J, Ahn A, Kim S, Won CW. Global prevalence of physical frailty by Fried’s criteria in community-dwelling elderly with national population- based surveys. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16: 548-50.

35. Szanton SL, Allen JK, Seplaki CL, et al. Allostatic load and frailty in the women’s health and aging studies. Biol Res Nurs. 2009;10: 248-56.

36. Malmstrom TK, Miller DK, Morley JE. A comparison of four frailty models. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62:721-6.

37. Harttgen K, Kowal P, Strulik H, et al. Patterns of frailty in older adults: Comparing results from higher and lower income countries using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Helath (SAGE). PLoS One. 2013;8(10:e75847. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075847.

38. Li G, Thabane L, Ioannidis G, et al. Comparison between frailty index of deficit accumulation and phenotypic model to predict risk of falls: Data from the global longitudinal study of osteoporosis in women (GLOW) Hamilton cohort. PLoS One. 2015;10: e0120144.

39. Juarez-Cedillo T, Basurto-Acevedo L, Vega-Garcia S, et al. Prevalence of anemia and its impact on the state of frailty in elderly people living in the community: SADEM study. Ann Hematol. 2014;93:2057-62.

40. Moreira VG, Lourenco RA. Prevalence and factors associated with frailty in an older population from the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: The FIBRA-RJ study. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2013;68: 979-85.

41. Runzer-Colmenares FM, Samper-Ternent R, Al Snih S, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with frailty among Peruvian older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2014;58:69-73.

42. Curcio CL, Henao GM, Gomez F. Frailty among rural elderly adults. BMC Geriatr. 2014;14:2.

43. Hubbard RE, Lan IA, Llewellyn DJ, Rockwood K. Frailty, body mass index, and abdominal obesity in older people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2010;65:377-81.

44. O’Halloran Am, Finucane C, Savva GM, et al. Sustained attention and frailty in the older adults population. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2014;69:147-56.

45. Akin S, Mazicioglu MM, Mucuk S, et al. The prevalence of frailty and related factors in community-dwelling Turkish elderly according to modified Fried Frailty Index and FRAIL scales. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2015;27:703-9.

46. Li Y, Zou Y, Wang S, et al. A pilot study of the FRAIL scale on predicting outcomes in Chinese elderly people with type 2 diabetes. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:714.e7-12.

47. Imuta H, Yasumura S, Abe H, Fukao A. The prevalence and phychosocial characteristics of the frail elderly in Japan: A community- based study. Aging (Milano). 2001;13:443-53.

48. Chen Cy, Wu SC, Chen LJ, Lue BH. The prevalence of subjective frailty and factors associated with frailty in Taiwan. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2010;50(Suppl 1):S43-7.

49. Jung HW, Kim SW, Ahn S, et al. Prevalence and outcomes of frailty in Korean elderly population: Comparisons of a multidimensional frailty index with two phenotype models. PLoS One. 2014;9:e87958.

50. Sathasivam J, Kamaruzzaman SB, hairi F, et al. Frailty elders in an urban district setting in Malaysia: Multidimensional frailty and its correlates. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2015;27:52-61s.

51. Feng L, Nyunt MS, Feng L, et al. Frailty predicts new and persistent depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults: Findings from Singapore longitudinal aging study. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15:76.e7-12.

52. Gardiner PA, Mishra GD, Dobson AJ. Validity and responsiveness of the FRAIL scale in a longitudinal cohort study of older Australian women. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:781-3.

53. Eyigor S, Kutsal YG, Duran E, et al; Turkish Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Rehabilitation Working Group. Frailty prevalence and related factors in the older adult- FrailTURK Project. Age (Dordr). 2015;37:9791.

54. Hyde Z, Flicker L, Almeida OP, et al. Low free testosterone predicts frailty in older men: The health in men study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:3165-72.

55. Lopez D, Flicker L, Dobson A. Validation of the Frail Scale in a cohort of older Australian women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60: 171-3.

56. Rockwood K, Mitnitski A. Frailty in relation to the accumulation of deficits. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62:722-7.

57. Malmstrom TK, Miller DK, Morley JE. A comparison of four frailty models. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62:721-6.

58. Morley JE. Developing novel therapeutic approaches to frailty. Curr Pharm Des. 2009;15:3384-95.

59. Morley JE. Editorial: Postprandial hypotension—the ultimate Big Mac attack. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56:M741-3.

60. Morley JE. Frailty: A time for action. Eur Geriatr Med. 2013;4:215-6.

61. Cherubini A, Corsonello A, Lattanzio F. Polypharmacy in nursing home residents: What is the way forward? J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; [Epub ahead of print].

62. Hein C, Forgues A, Piau A, et al. Impact of polypharmacy on occurrence of delirium in elderly emergency patients. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15:850.e11-5.

63. Onder G, Vetrano DL, Cherubini A, et al. Prescription drug use among older adults in Italy: A country-wide perspective. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15:531.e11-5.

64. Moulis F, Moulis G, Balardy L, et al. Exposure to atropinic drugs and frailty status. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:253-7.

65. Landi F, Dell’Aquila G, Collamati A, et al. Anticholinergic drug use and negative outcomes among the frailty elderly population living in a nursing home. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15:825-9.

66. Fitzgerald SP, Bean NG. An analysis of the interactions between individual comorbidities and their treatments—implications for guidelines and polypharmacy. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010;11: 475-84.

67. Little MO, Morley A. Reducing polypharmacy: Evidence from a simple quality improvement initiative. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013; 14:152-6.

68. Morley JE. Anorexia, weight loss, and frailty. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010;11:225-8.

69. Morley JE. Weight loss in older persons: New therapeutic approaches. Curr Pharm Des. 2007;13:3637-47.

70. Morley JE. Anorexia of aging: A true geriatric syndrome. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16:422-5.

71. Van Wetering CR, Hoogendoorn M, Broekhuizen R, et al. Efficacy and costs of nutritional rehabilitation in muscle-wasted patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a community- based setting: A prespecified subgroup analysis of the INTERCOM trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010;11:179-87.

72. Morley JE. Undernutrition in older adults. Fam Pract. 2012; 29(Suppl 1): i89-93.

73. Abizanda P, Lopez MD, Garcia VP, et al. Effects of oral nutritional supplementation plus physical exercise intervention on the physical function, nutritional status, and quality of life in frail institutionalized older adults: The ACTIVNES study. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:439.e9-16.

74. Stange I, Bartram M, Liao Y, et al. Effects of a low-volume, nutrient- and energy-dense oral nutritional supplement on nutritional and functional status: A randomized, controlled trial in nursing home residents. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14:628e1-8.

75. Purves-Smith FM, Sgarioto N, Hepple RT. Fiber typing in aging muscle. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2014;42:45-52.

76. Anker SD, Coats AJ, Morley JE, et al. Muscle wasting disease: A proposal for a new disease classification. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014;5:1-3.

77. Evans WJ, Morley JE, Argiles J, et al. Cachexia: A new definition. Clin Nutr. 2008;27:793-9.

78. Morley JE. Sarcopenia: Diagnosis and treatment. J Nutr Health Aging. 2008;12:452-6.

79. Hepple RT. Sarcopenia: A critical perspective. Sci Aging Knowl Environ. 2003;45:31.

80. Drey M, Grosch C, Neuwirth C, et al. The motor unit number index (MUNIX) in sarcopenic patients. Exp Gerontol. 2013;48: 381-4.

81. Morley JE, Malmstrom TK, Rodriguez-Manas L, Sinclair AJ. Frailty, sarcopenia and diabetes. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15:853-9.

82. Landi F, Onder G, Bernabei R. Sarcopenia and diabetes: two sides of the same coin. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14:540-1.

83. Leenders M, Verdijk LB, van der Hoeven L, et al. Patients with type 2 diabetes show a greater decline in muscle mass, muscle strength, and functional capacity with aging. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14:585-92.

84. Morley JE, Kaiser FE, Perry HM, et al. Longitudinal changes in testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in healthy older men. Metabolism. 1997;46:410-13.

85. Baumgartner RN, Waters DL, Gallagher D, et al. Predictors of skeletal muscle mass in elderly men and women. Mech Ageing Dev. 1999;107:123-36.

86. Kim MJ, Morley JE. The hormonal fountains of youth: Myth or reality? J Endocrinol Invest. 2005;28:5-14.

87. Morley JE. Scientific overview of hormone treatment used for rejuvenation. Fertil Steril. 2013;99:1807-13.

88. Soenen S, Chapman IM. Body weight, anorexia, and undernutrition in older people. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14:642-8.

89. Manini TM, Everhart JE, patel KV, et al. Daily activity energy expenditure and mortality among older adults. JAMA. 2006; 296:171-9.

90. Perry HM, Horowitz M, Morley JE, et al. Longitudinal changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in older people. Metabolism. 1999; 48:1028-32.

91. Janssen HC, Emmelot-Vonk MH, Verhaar HJ, van der Schouw YT. Vitamin D and muscle function: Is there a threshold in the relation? J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14:627.e13-8.

92. Rolland Y, Lauwers-Cances V, Cristini C, et al. Difficulties with physical function associated with obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic- obesity in community-dwelling elderly women: The EPIDOS (EPIDemiologie de l’OSteoporose) study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89:1895-900.

93. Sinha M, Jang YC, Oh J, et al. Restoring systemic GDF11 levels reverses age-related dysfunction in mouse skeletal muscle. Science. 2014;344:649-52.

94. Argiles JM, Anker SD, Evans WJ, et al. Consensus on cachexia definitions. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010;11:229-30.

95. Hipple RT. Mitochondrial involvement and impact in aging skeletal muscle. Front Aging Neurosci. 2014;6:211.

96. Fiatarone MA, O’Neill EF, Ryan ND, et al. Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:1769-75.

97. Churchward-Venne TA, Tieland M, Verdijk LB, et al. There are no nonresponders to resistance-type exercise training in older men and women. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:400-11.

98. Pahor M, Guralnik JM, Ambrosius WT, et al. Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: The LIFE study randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;311:2387-96.

99. Singh NA, Quine S, Clemson LM, et al. Effects of high-intensity progressive resistance training and targeted multidisciplinary treatment of frailty on mortality and nursing home admissions after hip fracture: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012;13:24-30.

100. Morley JE, Argiles JM, Evans WJ, et al. Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia, Cachexia, and Wasting Disease. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010;11: 391-6.

101. Volpi E, Campbell WW, Dwyer JT, et al. Is the optimal level of protein intake for older adults greater than the recommended dietary allowance? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013;68:677-81.

102. Bauer J, Biolo G, Cederholm T, et al. Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: A position paper from the PROT-AGE study group. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14:542-59.

103. Gryson C, Ratel S, Rance M, et al. Four-month course of soluble milk proteins interacts with exercise to improve muscle strength and delay fatigue in elderly participants. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15:958.e1-9.

104. Chu LW. Protein supplementation and physical function: Muscular and cognitive perspectives. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14:144-5.

105. Tieland M, Dirks ML, van der Zwaluw N, et al. Protein supplementation increases muscle mass gain during prolonged resistance- type exercise training in frail elderly people: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012;13:713-19.

106. Kim HK, Suzuki T, Saito K, et al. Effects of exercise and amino acid supplementation on body composition and physical function in community-dwelling elderly Japanese sarcopenic women: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012; 60:16-23.

107. Bauer JM, Verlaan S, Bautmans I, et al. Effects of a Vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein nutritional supplement on measures of sarcopenia in older adults, the PROVIDE study: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:740-7.

108. Tomlinson PB, Joseph C, Angioi M. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on upper and lower body muscle strength levels in healthy individuals. A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport. 2015;18:575-80.

109. Muir SW, Montero-Odasso M. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength, gait and balance in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011; 59: 2291-300.

110. Wittert GA, Chapman IM, Haren MT, et al. Oral testosterone supplementation increases muscle and decreases fat mass in healthy elderly males with low-normal gonadal status. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003;58:618-25.

111. Morley JE. Hypogonadism, testosterone, and nursing home residents. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14:381-3.

112. Sih R, Morley JE, Kaiser FE, et al. Testosterone replacement in older hypogonadal men: A 12-month randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:1661-7.

113. Matsumoto Am. Testosterone administration in older men. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2013;42:271-86.

114. Lunenfeld B. Androgen therapy in the aging male. World J Urol. 2003;21:292-305.

115. Travison TG, Basaria S, Storer TW, et al. Clinical meaningfulness of the changes in muscle performance and physical function associated with testosterone administration in older men with mobility limitation. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66: 1090-9.

116. Srinivas-Shankar U, Roberts SA, Connolly MJ, et al. Effects of testosterone on muscle strength, physical function, body composition, and quality of life in intermediate-frail and frail elderly men: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:639-50.

117. Kenny AM, Kleppinger A, Annis K, et al. Effects of transdermal testosterone on bone and muscle in older men with low bioavailable testosterone levels, low bone mass, and physical frailty. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58:1134-43.

118. Haren MT, Siddiqui AM, Armbrecht HJ, et al. Testosterone modulates gene expression pathways regulating nutrient accumulation, glucose metabolism and protein turnover in mouse skeletal muscle. Int J Andorol. 2011;34:55-68.

119. Morley JE. Scientific overview of hormone treatment used for rejuvenation. Fertil Steril. 2013;99:1807-13.

120. Bassil N, Morley JE. Late-life onset hypogonadism: A review. Clin Geriatr Med. 2010;26:197-222.

121. Cappola AR. Testosterone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease in men. JAMA. 2013;310:1805-6.

122. Chahla EJ, Hayek ME, Morley JE. Testosterone replacement therapy and cardiovascular risk factors modification. Aging Male. 2011;14:83-90.

123. Dalton JT, Barnette KG, Bohl CE, et al. The selective androgen modulator GTx-024 Oenobosarm) improves lean body mass and physical function in healthy elderly men and postmenopausal women: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2011;2:153-61.

124. Dobs AS, Boccia RV, Croot CC, et al. Effects of enobosarm on muscle wasting and physical function in patients with cancer: A double-blind, randomized controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14:335-45.

125. Kaiser FE, Silver AJ, Morley JE. The effect of recombinant human growth hormone on malnourished older individuals. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39:235-40.

126. Rudman D, Feller AG, Nagraj HS, et al. Effects of human growth hormone in men over 60 years old. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:1-6.

127. Gaskin FS, Farr SA, Banks WA, et al. Ghrelin-induced feeding is dependent on nitric oxide. Peptides. 2003;24:913-18.

128. Garcia JM, Boccia RV, Graham CD, et al. Anamorelin for patients with cancer cachexia: An integrated analysis of two phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:108-16.

129. Morley JE. Pharmacologic options for the treatment of sarcopenia. Calcif Tissue Int. 2015. [Epub ahead of print].

130. Elkina Y, von Haehling S, Anker SD, Springer J. The role of myostatin in muscle wasting: An overview. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2011;2:143-51.

131. Morley JE, von Haehling S, Anker SD. Are we closer to having drugs to treat muscle wasting disease? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014;5:83-7.

132. Amato AA, Sivakumar K, Goyal N, et al. Treatment of sporadic inclusion body myositis with bimagrumab. Neurology. 2014;83: 2239-46.

133. Ebner N, Steinbeck L, Doehner W, et al. Highlights from the 7th Cachexia Conference: Muscle wasting pathophysiological detection and novel treatment strategies. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014;5:27-34.

134. Pötsch MS, Tschirner A, Palus S, et al. The anabolic catabolic transforming agent (ACTA) espindolol increases muscle mass and decreases fat mass in old rats. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014;5:149-58.

135. Sumukadas D, Witham MD, Struthers AD, McMurdo ME. Effect of perindopril on physical function in elderly people with functional impairment: A randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2007; 177:867-74.

136. Huo YR, Suriyaarachchi P, Gomez F, et al. Phenotype of osteosarcopenia in older individuals with a history of falling. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:290-5.

137. Di Monaco M, Castiglioni C, Vallero F, et al. Sarcopenia is more prevalent in men than in women after hip fracture: A crosssectional study of 591 inpatients. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012; 55:e48-52.

138. Suominen H. Muscle training for bone strength. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2006;18:85-93.

139. Tanner SB, Harwell SA. More than healthy bones: A review of vitamin D in muscle health. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2015; 7:152-9.

140. Morley JE. Vitamin D redux. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2009;10: 591-2.

141. Tagliaferri C, Wittrant Y, Davicco MJ, et al. Muscle and bone, two interconnected tissues. Ageing Res Rev. 2015;21:55-70.

142. Dartigues JF, Amieva H. Cognitive frailty: Rational and definition from an (I.A.N.A./I.A.G.G.) international consensus group. J Nutr Health Aging. 2014;18:95.

143. Samper-Ternent R, Al Snih S, Raji MA, et al. Relationship between frailty and cognitive decline in older Mexican Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:1845-52.

144. Avila-Funes JA, Pina-Escudero SD, Aguilar-Navarro S, et al. Cognitive impairment and low physical activity are the components of frailty more strongly associated with disability. J Nutr Health Aging. 2011;15:683-9.

145. Malmstrom TK, Morley JE. The frail brain. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14:454-5.

146. Michaud M, Balardy L, Moulis G, et al. Proinflammatory cytokines, aging, and age-related diseases. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14: 877-82.

147. Shimada H, Makizako H, Doi T, et al. Combined prevalence of frailty and mild cognitive impairment in a population of elderly Japanese people. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14:518-24.

148. Morley JE, Morris JC, Berg-Weger M, et al. Brain Health: The importance of recognizing cognitive impairment: An IAGG consensus conference. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:731-9.

149. Morley JE, von Haehling S, Anker SD, Vellas B. From sarcopenia to frailty: A road less traveled. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014;5:5-8.

150. Morley JE, Anker SD, von Haehling S. Prevalence, incidence, and clinical impact of sarcopenia: Facts, numbers, and epidemiology— update 2014. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014; 5:253-9.