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ISSN 0016-3813 (Impreso)

2016, Número 2

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Gac Med Mex 2016; 152 (2)


Genética y genómica en artritis reumatoide (AR): una actualización

Rodríguez-Elías AK, Maldonado-Murillo K, López-Mendoza LF, Ramírez-Bello J

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 105
Paginas: 218-227
Archivo PDF: 205.11 Kb.


RESUMEN

La AR, una enfermedad inflamatoria, crónica y autoinmune, afecta aproximadamente al 1% de la población general. Se caracteriza por presentar inflamación, dolor, destrucción del cartílago y erosión del hueso. La AR pertenece al grupo de enfermedades multifactoriales, en cuyo desarrollo influyen diversos factores de riesgo ambientales y genéticos. Los estudios en familias indican que el desarrollo de la AR está fuertemente influenciado por el componente genético. Actualmente, conocemos aproximadamente 100 loci asociados no sólo con la susceptibilidad, sino también con la gravedad, la actividad y la respuesta al tratamiento de la AR; entre ellos se encuentran genes que codifican para el antígeno leucocitario humano (HLA) de clase II, PTPN22, STAT4, CTLA4, TRAF1, PADI4, FCRL3, TNFIP3, TNF-α y miARN, entre otros. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo describir el papel de diversos genes involucrados en la regulación del sistema inmunológico innata y adaptativa que han mostrado asociación con la susceptibilidad a la AR, en diversas poblaciones, incluida la mexicana.


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