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2016, Número 2

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Rev Cubana Pediatr 2016; 88 (2)


Interacciones medicamentosas observadas en niños con enfermedades respiratorias en la unidad pediátrica de un hospital docente de Brasil

Yuriko MM, Batalho VG, Vianello RMH, Linardi A

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 51
Paginas: 166-181
Archivo PDF: 277.28 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: las respuestas farmacocinéticas y farmacodinámicas al consumo de medicamentos pueden cambiar en la niñez al encontrarse niños que son más propensos a desarrollar reacciones adversas a los medicamentos que los adultos. Por lo general, la frecuencia de las reacciones adversas y el tiempo de hospitalización aumentan a medida que se incrementa el número de fármacos suministrados.
Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre los medicamentos utilizados en niños hospitalizados por sufrir enfermedades respiratorias en la unidad pediátrica de un hospital docente de Brasil.
Métodos: este estudio retrospectivo se basó en el análisis cuantitativo de la información recopilada en las historias clínicas de pacientes pediátricos de 7 a 12 años de edad, quienes fueron diagnosticados con enfermedades respiratorias y fibrosis quística acompañada de exacerbación pulmonar. Para el análisis descriptivo de los datos se utilizó el software SPSS versión 13.0. Asimismo se empleó la base de datos Micromedex para identificar las interacciones de los medicamentos y determinar la clasificación según el nivel de gravedad.
Resultados: ocurrieron once interacciones medicamentosas probables en las enfermedades respiratorias (25 severas, 75 moderadas, 10 leves y la asociación con un medicamento contraindicado) en 49 historias clínicas revisadas. En cuanto a la fibrosis quística, hubo cinco interacciones medicamentosas probables (cuatro severas y una leve) según 18 historias clínicas.
Conclusiones: estos resultados indican que la prescripción de medicamentos en pacientes pediátricos debe limitarse a los fármacos esenciales y debe contener la menor cantidad posible de estos a fin de evitar posibles interacciones medicamentosas. La disponibilidad de un equipo multidisciplinario junto con un programa de farmacovigilancia activo puede apoyar en la prevención de interacciones medicamentosas.


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