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2016, Número 1

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Revista del Hospital Psiquiátrico de La Habana 2016; 13 (1)


Polimorfismos del gen CYP2D6 y su relación con la esquizofrenia

Roblejo BH

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 42
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 108.37 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La esquizofrenia es un trastorno psiquiátrico crónico notablemente heterogéneo, marcado por múltiples alteraciones biológicas sobre las cuales influyen numerosos factores genéticos y ambientales. Sin dudas los neurolépticos constituyen uno de los principales pilares en el tratamiento de esta afección. La enzima CYP2D6 participa en la fase I del metabolismo de estos fármacos.
Objetivo: Mostrar el estado del conocimiento acerca de la relación entre los polimorfismos del gen CYP2D6 y la esquizofrenia.
Métodos: Para esta revisión se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de artículos publicados en Pubmed/MEDLINE, que relacionaron la frecuencia de los genotipos CYP2D6 con la esquizofrenia y con el riesgo de reacciones adversas por el consumo de neurolépticos. Se utilizaron los artículos con texto completo e información novedosa sobre el tema.
Desarrollo: Los individuos metabolizadores lentos tienen un riesgo incrementado de desarrollar reacciones adversas por el consumo de neurolépticos. Por otra parte, aunque los resultados que relacionan los genotipos metabolizadores lentos con el riesgo de esquizofrenia no coinciden en todos los casos, en algunas investigaciones se ha identificado como un factor protector para el desarrollo de esta enfermedad.
Conclusiones: El estudio de polimorfismos del gen CYP2D6 puede contribuir a una terapia individualizada en el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia.


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