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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2015, Número 2

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2015; 16 (2)


Efectos cognitivos del bilingüismo coordinado en ambientes contextuales

Galván-Celis V, Pechonkina I, Slovec K, Dzib-Goodin A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 56
Paginas: 39-49
Archivo PDF: 153.23 Kb.


RESUMEN

Existen entre 6900 y 7500 idiomas alrededor del mundo de acuerdo con Ethnologue, que es una renombrada publicación y base de datos en el área del lenguaje, a este número se ha de agregar el lenguaje musical y el de las matemáticas, pues al igual que los idiomas, han desarrollado sistemas que permiten a las personas comprenderse unas a otras. Si éstos se emplean en ambientes específicos, se desarrolla lo que se conoce como bilingüismo coordinado (two way/ dual language), que es una de las múltiples formas de bilingüismo bajo el cual, las personas son capaces de desarrollar dos sistemas lingüísticos paralelos, empleándolos de manera indistinta. El presente artículo analiza la capacidad adaptativa que los circuitos anatómicos que se emplean al realizar tareas coordinadas entre dos o más idiomas, y puntualiza que el proceso cognitivo ha creado mecanismos que le permiten alternar tareas con el fin de responder de manera efectiva ante las necesidades del medio, por lo que se desmenuzan al máximo las respuestas requeridas dependiendo del código a emplear, mismos que han sido analizados desde dos puntos de vista, por un lado la hipótesis de control adaptable y la teoría de la codificación dual bilingüe, que dan muestra de la necesidad de la plasticidad neuro- cognitiva que se caracteriza por la habilidad de organizar y procesar la información a partir de pasos específicos con el fin de lograr el mayor control de las respuestas.


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