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2015, Número 4

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Rev Cubana Cardiol Cir Cardiovasc 2015; 21 (4)


Cirugía en pacientes con enfermedad de la válvula mitral. Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular 1996-2006

Andalia PKE, Rodríguez RV, Pérez LH

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 82
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 422.04 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción y objetivos. La incorporación de nuevas prótesis valvulares y la aplicación de técnicas novedosas de implantación han posibilitado exhibir resultados satisfactorios en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la cardiopatía valvular mitral, con una notable mejoría de la capacidad funcional y calidad de vida de los pacientes. Esta investigación tuvo como propósito describir el comportamiento de la cirugía valvular mitral.
Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por enfermedad mitral en el Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular de La Habana, desde 1996 al 2006.
Resultados. El tipo de lesión valvular mitral más frecuente fue la estenosis (46.8%). El hábito de fumar fue el factor de riesgo cardiovascular mayormente encontrado (44%). La insuficiencia cardiaca fue la principal enfermedad asociada (36.5%). Aproximadamente la mitad de los pacientes se encontraban en una Clase funcional III (52%). La etiología más frecuente fue la enfermedad reumática (94.3%). La mayor parte de las intervenciones se realizaron de forma electiva (96.8%). La causa más frecuente de cirugía urgente fue la disfunción protésica (53.3%). Las complicaciones postoperatorias relacionadas con la prótesis más frecuentes fueron: la endocarditis infecciosa (2.9%), las hemorragias por anticoagulación (2.3%), la trombosis protésica (1.9%) y la fuga paravalvular (1.2%). La mortalidad hospitalaria fue de (5.7%).
Conclusiones. La lesión valvular predominante fue la estenosis mitral y la enfermedad reumática constituyó la etiología más frecuente. La complicación posoperatoria más frecuente relacionada con la prótesis fue la endocarditis infecciosa y la mortalidad hospitalaria fue baja.


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