Arias RM, Sánchez HB, Mabel CG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 52
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 124.83 Kb.

RESUMEN

Introducción: es considerable el avance en el conocimiento de la sobrecarga del cuidar de una persona con demencia. No obstante, son pocas las investigaciones que analizan cómo influye en los cuidadores la institucionalización, así como el tipo de intervenciones posibles para aliviar el estrés que se vive antes, durante y después de dejar al ser querido en una institución al cuidado de otras personas.
Objetivo: determinar las necesidades de apoyo que tiene un cuidador familiar frente al proceso de institucionalizar a un ser querido que tiene una demencia, a través de una revisión integrativa de literatura.
Métodos: búsqueda de la literatura científica en las bases de datos: PubMed, ScienceDirect, OvidNursing, CINAHL y Cochrane Central entre los años 2003 y 2013 en inglés y español. Se encontraron 1183 artículos de los cuales 24 fueron cumplieron los criterios de inclusión de ser estudios sobre institucionalización en personas con demencia relacionados con la experiencia del cuidador familiar.
Resultados: los resultados se agruparon en 4 categorías generales: Factores que desencadenan el proceso de institucionalización y estrategias o intervenciones destinadas a retardar el momento de la institucionalización; Conflicto y toma de decisión de institucionalizar al ser querido con demencia; Proceso de institucionalización del ser querido con demencia; y Consecuencias y aspectos posteriores a la institucionalización del ser querido con demencia.
Conclusiones: el cuidado de una persona con demencia es una tarea en extremo compleja, con múltiples consecuencias para la persona enferma y su cuidador familiar. Los diferentes estudios analizados permiten comprender mejor este fenómeno y dar así un paso esencial para que los enfermeros y profesionales afines puedan cualificar el cuidado requerido y evitar una carga adicional e innecesaria a quienes viven la experiencia.

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