Ramos-Peñafiel CO, Santoyo-Sánchez A, Olarte-Carrillo I, Queipo-García GE, Garfias-Becerra Y, Martínez-Tovar A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 68
Paginas: 719-732
Archivo PDF: 606.12 Kb.

RESUMEN

El objetivo del desarrollo actual de nuevos fármacos es diseñar moléculas altamente específicas, encaminadas hacia un solo blanco muy particular. En el pasado no muy lejano, hace apenas medio siglo, la principal labor de la industria farmacéutica era el aislamiento y purificación de los extractos herbales para su posterior síntesis y masificación comercial. Por ello, es comprensible que estos fármacos no son altamente específicos, pero sí sumamente efectivos; es el caso de los antimicrobianos, del ácido acetilsalicílico, de la pravastatina y del fármaco motivo de esta revisión: metfomina. En el caso particular de la metformina, por mucho tiempo se desconoció con exactitud su mecanismo de acción (y aún no se conocen todos), pero gracias al buen control metabólico obtenido es que perduró y se extendió su administración, hasta posicionarse como antidiabético de primera línea. Es justamente gracias a su amplia prescripción que se originaron observaciones epidemiológicas que identificaron la administración de metformina como factor protector contra el cáncer. En el último decenio esta hipótesis se probó y verificó en diversos modelos in vitro e in vivo, se conocieron mejor los mecanismos de acción implicados y se permitió extender el espectro de prescripción a entidades clínicas tan distintas entre sí, como tuberculosis, periodontitis, cirrosis hepática e infarto de miocardio. Con este trabajo se espera hacer una rápida y concisa revisión al estado del arte de metformina, que sin duda alguna generará conocimiento de relevancia clínica acerca de este noble fármaco, que será parte indispensable del armamento del médico moderno.

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