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2015, Número 4

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AMC 2015; 19 (4)


Fracturas por compresión vertical de columna lumbar

Álvarez LA, García LYC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 52
Paginas: 397-404
Archivo PDF: 495.49 Kb.


RESUMEN

Fundamento: las fracturas de columna por el mecanismo de compresión axial sin lesión neurológica, constituyen un paradigma en relación a su tratamiento conservador o quirúrgico. Existen controversias en la literatura sobre el tipo de tratamiento de esta lesión.
Objetivo: realizar una revisión sobre los criterios de selección de ambos tipos de tratamiento.
Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 330 artículos publicados en Pubmed, Hinari y Medline mediante el localizador de información Endnote, de ellos se utilizaron 52 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, 46 de ellas de los últimos cinco años donde se incluyeron dos libros.
Desarrollo: se analizaron diferentes factores para decisión del tipo del tratamiento, entre los que se encontraron: la escala de severidad de las fracturas del segmento lumbosacro propuesta por Vaccaro AR, los grados de cifosis, la usurpación del canal medular. Por otra parte se realizó una comparación de diferentes autores en relación al tipo de tratamiento empleado en sus investigaciones y las indicaciones quirúrgicas para sus pacientes.
Conclusiones: basado en la revisión realizada y los estudios consultados, los pacientes con fractura de columna sin lesión neurológica pueden ser tratados de forma conservadora independientemente del grado de inestabilidad mecánica que presenten.


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