medigraphic.com
ISSN 2594-1526 (Digital)
ISSN 0028-3746 (Impreso)
Antes Revista del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias

 Ver anteriores al 2010

2015, Número 2

Siguiente >>

Neumol Cir Torax 2015; 74 (2)


El cigarrillo electrónico: Peligro u oportunidad

Monraz-Pérez S, Regalado-Pineda J, Pérez-Padilla R

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 47
Paginas: 82-86
Archivo PDF: 172.27 Kb.


FRAGMENTO

Introducción

Los cigarrillos electrónicos (CE) fueron inventados en China, entraron al mercado en 2003 y su uso se ha ido extendiendo rápidamente por todo el mundo con o sin autorización oficial gracias a una intensa publicidad y al indudable ingenio del aparato. Se crearon para reproducir la experiencia de fumar incluyendo el manejo entre los dedos, la inhalación y la exhalación de un vapor generado por un atomizador a partir de un cartucho líquido (de contenido variable), o bien de una cámara de vaporización mediante calentamiento electrónico por una batería que se activa por la inhalación o al presionar un botón.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Bhatnagar A, Whitsel LP, Ribisl KM, et al.; American Heart Association Advocacy Coordinating Committee, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Electronic cigarettes: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014;130(16):1418-1436. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000107.

  2. Grana R, Benowitz N, Glantz SA. E-cigarettes: a scientific review. Circulation 2014;129(19):1972. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.007667.

  3. Harrell PT, Simmons VN, Correa JB, Padhya TA, Brandon TH. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (“e-cigarettes”): review of safety and smoking cessation efficacy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014;151(3):381-393. doi: 10.1177/0194599814536847.

  4. McMillen RC, Gottlieb MA, Shaefer RM, Winickoff JP, Klein JD. Trends in Electronic Cigarette Use Among U.S. Adults: Use is Increasing in Both Smokers and Nonsmokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2014. pii: ntu213.

  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Notes from the field: electronic cigarette use among middle and high school students - United States, 2011-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013;62(35):729-730.

  6. Arrazola RA, Neff LJ, Kennedy SM, Holder-Hayes E, Jones CD; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Tobacco use among middle and high school students--United States, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014;63(45):1021-1026.

  7. Johnston LD, O’Malley PM, Miech RA, et al. 2014 overview: Key findings on adolescent drug use. Monitoring the future: National survery results on drug use 1975-2014. Sponsored by The National Institute on Drug Abuse at The National Institutes of Health. Available from: http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/mtf-overview2014.pdf

  8. Hajek P, Etter JF, Benowitz N, Eissenberg T, McRobbie H. Electronic cigarettes: review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit. Addiction 2014;109(11):1801-1810. doi: 10.1111/add.12659.

  9. King BA, Patel R, Nguyen KH, Dube SR. Trends in awareness and use of electronic cigarettes among US adults, 2010-2013. Nicotine Tob Res 2015;17(2):219-227. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu191.

  10. Dockrell M, Morrison R, Bauld L, McNeill A. E-cigarettes: prevalence and attitudes in Great Britain. Nicotine Tob Res 2013;15(10):1737-1744. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntt057.

  11. Collaco JM, Drummond MB, McGrath-Morrow SA. Electronic cigarette use and exposure in the pediatric population. JAMA Pediatr 2015;169(2):177-182. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.2898.

  12. Niaura RS, Glynn TJ, Abrams DB. Youth experimentation with e-cigarettes: another interpretation of the data. JAMA 2014;312(6):641-642. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.6894.

  13. Kandel ER, Kandel DB. Shattuck lecture. A molecular basis for nicotine as a gateway drug. N Engl J Med 2014;371(10):932-943. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1405092.

  14. Bunnell RE, Agaku IT, Arrazola RA, et al. Intentions to smoke cigarettes among never-smoking US middle and high school electronic cigarette users: National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2011-2013. Nicotine Tob Res 2015;17(2):228-235. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu166.

  15. Vardavas CI, Filippidis FT, Agaku IT. Determinants and prevalence of e-cigarette use throughout the European Union: a secondary analysis of 26 566 youth and adults from 27 Countries. Tob Control 2014. pii: tobaccocontrol-2013-051394. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051394.

  16. Adkison SE, O’Connor RJ, Bansal-Travers M, et al. Electronic nicotine delivery systems: international tobacco control four-country survey. Am J Prev Med 2013;44(3):207-215. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.10.018.

  17. Zhu SH, Gamst A, Lee M, Cummins S, Yin L, Zoref L. The use and perception of electronic cigarettes and snus among the U.S. population. PLoS One 2013;8(10):e79332. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079332.

  18. Westenberger BJ. Evaluation of e-cigarettes. Available from: www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/scienceresearch/ucm173250.pdf

  19. Trehy ML, Ye W, Hadwiger ME, et al. Analysis of electronic cigarette cartridges, refill solutions, and smoke for nicotine and nicotine related impurities. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 2011;34:1442-1458.

  20. Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tob Control 2014;23(2):133-139. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050859.

  21. Williams M, Villarreal A, Bozhilov K, Lin S, Talbot P. Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid and aerosol. PLoS One 2013;8(3):e57987. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057987.

  22. Kim HJ, Shin HS. Determination of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in replacement liquids of electronic cigarettes by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013;1291:48-55. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.035

  23. Schraufnagel DE, Blasi F, Drummond MB, et al.; Forum of International Respiratory Societies. Electronic cigarettes. A position statement of the forum of international respiratory societies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014;190(6):611-618. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201407-1198PP.

  24. Cheng T. Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes. Tob Control 2014;23 Suppl 2:ii11. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482.

  25. Cameron JM, Howell DN, White JR, Andrenyak DM, Layton ME, Roll JM. Variable and potentially fatal amounts of nicotine in e-cigarette nicotine solutions. Tob Control 2014;23(1):77-78. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050604.

  26. Vansickel AR, Eissenberg T. Electronic cigarettes: effective nicotine delivery after acute administration. Nicotine Tob Res 2013;15(1):267-270. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr316.

  27. Pellegrino RM, Tinghino B, Mangiaracina G, et al. Electronic cigarettes: an evaluation of exposure to chemicals and fine particulate matter (PM). Ann Ig 2012;24(4):279-288.

  28. Hutzler C, Paschke M, Kruschinski S, Henkler F, Hahn J, Luch A. Chemical hazards present in liquids and vapors of electronic cigarettes. Arch Toxicol 2014;88(7):1295-1308. doi: 10.1007/s00204-014-1294-7.

  29. Palazzolo DL. Electronic cigarettes and vaping: a new challenge in clinical medicine and public health. A literature review. Front Public Health 2013;1:56. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2013.00056.

  30. McAuley TR, Hopke PK, Zhao J, Babaian S. Comparison of the effects of e-cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke on indoor air quality. Inhal Toxicol 2012;24(12):850-857. doi: 10.3109/08958378.2012.724728.

  31. Pisinger C, Døssing M. A systematic review of health effects of electronic cigarettes. Prev Med 2014;69:248. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.10.009.

  32. Farsalinos KE, Romagna G, Allifranchini E, et al. Comparison of the cytotoxic potential of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette vapour extract on cultured myocardial cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2013;10(10):5146-5162. doi: 10.3390/ijerph10105146.

  33. Bahl V, Lin S, Xu N, Davis B, Wang YH, Talbot P. Comparison of electronic cigarette refill fluid cytotoxicity using embryonic and adult models. Reprod Toxicol 2012;34(4):529-537. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.08.001.

  34. Behar RZ, Davis B, Wang Y, Bahl V, Lin S, Talbot P. Identification of toxicants in cinnamon-flavored electronic cigarette refill fluids. Toxicol In Vitro 2014;28(2):198-208.

  35. Vardavas CI, Anagnostopoulos N, Kougias M, Evangelopoulou V, Connolly GN, Behrakis PK. Short-term pulmonary effects of using an electronic cigarette: impact on respiratory flow resistance, impedance, and exhaled nitric oxide. Chest 2012;141(6):1400-1406. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2443.

  36. Chatham-Stephens K, Law R, Taylor E, et al.; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Notes from the field: calls to poison centers for exposures to electronic cigarettes--United States, September 2010-February 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014;63(13):292-293.

  37. Jiménez RCA, Solano RS, de Granda OJI, et al. El cigarrillo electrónico. Declaración oficial de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR) sobre la eficacia, seguridad y regulación de los cigarrillos electrónicos. Arch Bronconeumol 2014;50(8):362-367. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2014.02.006

  38. Electronic nicotine delivery systems. Report by WHO. July 1, 2014. Access date: 2015 May 27. Available from: http://apps.who.int/gb/fctc/PDF/cop6/FCTC_COP6_10-en.pdf?ua=1.

  39. OMS. Cigarrillos electrónicos o sistemas electrónicos de administración de nicotina. Fecha de consulta: 22 de junio, 2015. Disponible en: (http://www.who.int/tobacco/communications/statements/eletronic_cigarettes/es/)

  40. Deeming tobacco products to be subject to the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended by the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act: regulations on the sale and distribution of tobacco products and required warning statements for tobacco products: proposed rules. Fed Regist 2014;79:23142-23207.

  41. Marynak K, Holmes CB, King BA, Promoff G, Bunnell R, McAfee T; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). State laws prohibiting sales to minors and indoor use of electronic nicotine delivery systems--United States, November 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014;63(49):1145-1150.

  42. Tobacco Control Legal Consortium. Deeming Regulation: What is possible under the law (Fact Sheet). Access date: 2015 May 27. Available from: publichealthlawcenter.org/sites/default/files/resources/tclc-fs-deeming-reg-what-is-possible-2014.pdf

  43. Tobacco Control Legal Consortium. The FDA takes small steps to expand tobacco regulation (Fact Sheet). Access date: 2015 May 27. Available from: publichealthlawcenter.org/sites/default/files/resources/tclc-fs-fda-takesmallstepexpandtobaccoregulation-2014.pdf

  44. Cámara de Senadores de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Ley General para el Control del Tabaco 2008; Gaceta Oficial del Senado de la República 198:115-23. Fecha de consulta: 6 de junio, 2015. Disponible en: http://regulacionsanitarianl.gob.mx/node/360

  45. Zhu SH, Sun JY, Bonnevie E, et al. Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: implications for product regulation. Tob Control 2014;23 Suppl 3:iii3-9. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051670.

  46. McRobbie H, Bullen C, Hartmann-Boyce J, Hajek P. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation and reduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;12:CD010216. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub2.

  47. Rahman MA, Hann N, Wilson A, Mnatzaganian G, Worral-Carter L. E-cigarettes and smoking cessation: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015;10(3):e0122544. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122544




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com