Aréstegui MB, Gualtieri SC, Domínguez J, Scharovsky OG

Idioma: Español/Inglés
Referencias bibliográficas: 60
Paginas: 131-139
Archivo PDF: 81.32 Kb.

RESUMEN

La resistencia inespecífica representa una parte esencial de la respuesta inmune del huésped. El sistema mononuclear fagocítico (SMF), que forma parte de los mecanismos efectores de la resistencia innata, está involucrado en numerosos eventos homeostáticos, inflamatorios e inmunológicos. Los fagocitos mononucleares (FMN), integrantes del SMF, tienen destacada participación en las principales funciones de los organismos multicelulares. Su interacción temprana con los patógenos determina el curso de la infección. Las bacterias que pueden resistir la muerte intracelular, sobrevivir y multiplicarse dentro de las células del SMF, son consideradas parásitos intracelulares. El género Brucella, que infecta al hombre y a diversas especies animales, es un patógeno intracelular. La mayoría de estos microorganismos tienen mecanismos especiales, genéticamente codificados, para invadir las células del huésped y sobrevivir dentro de ellas. En la presente revisión se describen las características del género Brucella haciendo especial referencia a su composición antigénica, a los factores de virulencia, así como a su estructura genómica y al control de la expresión génica. Se analizan tanto la interacción entre los FMN y Brucella spp, como los mecanismos efectores de los FMN, principalmente, generación de radicales de oxígeno y de nitrógeno, limitación de la disponibilidad de hierro y producción de citocinas. Se explica la participación de la inmunidad mediada por células en el control de la infección y el fenómeno de la resistencia natural a la brucelosis.

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