Ortega-González C, Aguilera-Pérez JR, Arce-Sánchez L, Barquera-Cervera S, Díaz-Polanco A, Fernández-Sánchez M, Ferreira-Hermosillo A, Martínez-Cruz N, Medina-García C, Molina-Ayala MA, Muñoz-Manrique CG, Pantoja-Millán JP, Perichart-Perera O, Pimentel-Nieto D, Reyes-Muñoz E, Reyes-Rodríguez EA, Romero-Zazueta A, Ruiz-Padilla CL, Vergara-López A, Vidrio-Velázquez M, Villagordoa-Mesa J, Zúñiga-González SA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 190
Paginas: 363-391
Archivo PDF: 571.57 Kb.

RESUMEN

Antecedentes: llegar a la obesidad es un proceso complejo y multifactorial, de causa genética, biológica, ambiental y del estilo de vida de cada individuo. Los diferentes cambios en el metabolismo de la mujer, aunados a otros factores, propician descontrol en la distribución de lípidos que, acumulados en grandes cantidades en las vísceras, aumenta la mortalidad cardiovascular y es un factor determinante mayor del síndrome metabólico.
Objetivo: homologar y aplicar conceptos de la práctica clínica basada en evidencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de mujeres obesas en edad reproductiva y en el climaterio.
Método: consenso de expertos en el que participaron: ginecoobstetras, internistas, endocrinólogos, dermatólogos, bariatras, cirujanos, psicólogos, nutriólogos, sanitaristas y fisioterapéutas. A partir de la selección de artículos publicados entre 2009 y 2014 se elaboró una lista de preguntas formuladas con base en los planteamientos de artículos con los más altos niveles de evidencia. En diversas reuniones entre los expertos se discutieron las preguntas y formularon las recomendaciones, basadas en criterios diagnósticos y altos niveles de evidencia y en guías de práctica clínica, ensayos clínicos controlados y guías estandarizadas para población femenina en edad reproductiva y en el climaterio.
Resultados: la primera línea de tratamiento de la mujer obesa es la intervención nutricia y la modificación del estilo de vida adverso para la salud. Los tratamientos farmacológicos actuales ofrecen resultados modestos en cuanto a eficacia y seguridad en la reducción de peso por lo que siempre deben acompañarse de cambios en el estilo de vida, para obtener mejores resultados a corto y largo plazo.
Conclusiones: la alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en nuestro país, sobre todo en mujeres en edad reproductiva, obliga a plantear y trabajar en estrategias de prevención y en diversos planes terapéuticos que favorezcan la pérdida de peso con seguridad y resultados a largo plazo.

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