2015, Número 1
<< Anterior Siguiente >>
Ann Hepatol 2015; 14 (1)
Traditional Chinese Medicine and herbal hepatotoxicity: a tabular compilation of reported cases
Teschke R, Zhang L, Long H, Schwarzenboeck A, Schmidt-Taenzer W, Genthner A, Wolff A, Frenzel C, Schulze J, Eickhoff A
Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 120
Paginas: 7-19
Archivo PDF: 142.52 Kb.
RESUMEN
Sin resumen
REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)
Zhang L, Yan J, Liu X, Ye Z, Yang X, Meyboom R, Chan K, et al. Pharmacovigilance practice and risk control of Traditional Chinese Medicine drugs in China: Current status and future perspective. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 140: 519-25.
Tang JL, Liu BY, Ma KW. Traditional Chinese medicine. Lancet 2008; 372: 1938-40.
NIH, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). Traditional Chinese Medicine: An Introduction. Last updated October 2013. Available at: http:// nccam.nih.gov/health/whatiscam/chinesemed.htm [Accessed 7 July, 2014].
National Institutes of Health (NIH) and LiverTox: Chinese and other Asian herbal medicines. Last updated 10 January 2013. Available at: http://livertox.nih.gov/ ChineseAndOtherAsianHerbalMedicines.htm [Accessed 7 July, 2014].
Ernst E. Review article. Methodological aspects of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Ann Acad Med Singapore 2006; 35: 773-4.
Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR. Review article: herbal and dietary supplement hepatotoxicity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37: 3-17.
Teschke R, Wolff A, Frenzel C, Schulze J, Eickhoff A. Herbal hepatotoxicity: A tabular compilation of reported cases. Liver Int 2012; 32: 1543-56.
Teschke R, Schwarzenboeck A, Eickhoff A, Frenzel C, Wolff A, Schulze J. Clinical and causality assessment in herbal hepatotoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2013; 12: 330-66.
Haller CA, Dyer JE, Ko R, Olson KR. Making a diagnosis of herbal-related toxic hepatitis. West J Med 2002; 176: 39-44.
Estes JD, Stolpman D, Olyaei A, Corless CL, Ham JM, Schwartz JM, Orloff S. High prevalence of potentially hepatotoxic herbal supplement use in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Arch Surg 2003; 138: 852-8.
Talari P, Talari G, Gundareddy V, Vemula P, Barmecha J. Acute hepatitis associated with the chinese herbal product bai shi wan. Available at: http:// www.toothpicks.info/rc2/posters/2010/Internal_Medicine/ Talari_P_Acute_hepatitis_associated.pdf [Accessed 7 July, 2014].
Perharic-Walton L, Murray V. Toxicity of traditional Chinese herbal remedies. Lancet 1992; 340: 674.
Kane JA, Kane SP, Jain S. Hepatitis induced by traditional Chinese herbs: possible toxic components. Gut 1995; 36: 146-7.
Vautier G, Spiller RC. Safety of complementary medicines should be monitored. BMJ 1995; 311: 633.
Yuen MF, Tam S, Fung J, Wong DKH, Wong BCY, Lai CL. Traditional Chinese Medicine causing hepatotoxicity in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: a 1-year prospective study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 24: 1179-86.
Jang JS, Seo EG, Han C, Chae HB, Kim SJ, Lee JD, Wang JH. Four cases of toxic liver injury associated with Dictamnus dasycarpus. Korean J Hepatol 2008; 14: 206-12 (Abstract in English, article in Korean).
Kang SH, Kim JI, Jeong KH, Ko KH, Ko PG, Hwang SW, Kim EM, et al. Clinical characteristics of 159 cases of acute toxic hepatitis. Korean J Hepatol 2008; 14: 483-4 (Abstract in English, article in Korean).
Sohn CH, Cha MI, Oh BJ, Yeo WH, Lee JH, Kim W, Lim KS. Liver transplantation for acute toxic hepatitis due to herbal medicines and preparations. J Korean Soc Clin Toxicol 2008; 6: 110-6 (Abstract in English, article in Korean).
Cortez E, Boulger C, Bernard A. Ban Tu Wan hepatotoxicity. BMJ Case Reports 2012. DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012- 006438.
Sangsuwan C, Udompanthurak S, Vannasaeng S, Thamlikitkul V. Randomized controlled trial of Tinospora crispa for additional therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Med Assoc Thai 2004; 87: 543-6 (Abstract in English, article in Thai).
Motoyama H, Enomoto M, Yasuda T, Fujii H, Kobayashi S, Iwai S, Morikawa H, et al. Drug-induced liver injury caused by a herbal medicine, bofu-tsu-sho-san. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 2008; 105: 1234-9 (Abstract in English, article in Japanese).
Hwang SH, Park JA, Jang YS, Lee KM, Lee DS, Ahn BM, Lee EH. Case of acute cholestatic hepatitis caused by the seeds of Psoralea-corylifolia. Korean J Hepatol 2001; 7: 341-4 (Abstract in English, article in Korean).
Nam SW, Baek JT, Lee DS, Kang SB, Ahn BM, Chung KW. A case of acute cholestatic hepatitis associated with the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia (Boh-Gol-Zhee). Clin Toxicol 2005; 43: 589-91.
Cheung WI, Tse ML, Ngan T, Lin J, Lee WK, Poon WT, Mak TW, et al. Liver injury associated with the use of Fructus Psoraleae (Bol-gol-zhee or Bu-gu-zhi) and its related propriety medicine. Clin Toxicol 2009; 47: 683-5.
Chau TN. Drug-induced liver injury: an update. Hong Kong Med Diary 2008; 13: 23-6.
Lee CH, Wang JD, Chen PC. Risk of liver injury associated with Chinese herbal products containing Radix bupleuri in 639,779 patients with hepatitis B virus infection. PLoS ONE 2011; 6(1): e16064. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0016064
Adachi M, Saito H, Kobayashi H, Horie Y, Kato S, Yoshioka M, Ishii H. Hepatic injury in 12 patients taking the herbal loss aids Chaso and Onshido. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139: 488-92.
Lin TJ, Tsai MS, Chiou NM, Deng JF, Chiu NY. Hepatotoxicity caused by Breynia officinalis. Vet Hum Toxicol 2002; 44: 87-8. 17 Traditional Chinese Medicine and herbal hepatotoxicity. , 2015; 14 (1): 7-19
Lin TJ, Su CC, Lan CK, Jiang DD, Tsai JL, Tsai MS. Acute poisonings with Breynia officinalis - an outbreak of hepatotoxicity. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2003; 41: 591-4.
Yoshida EM, McLean CA, Cheng ES, Blanc PD, Somberg KA, Ferrell LD, Lake JR. Chinese herbal medicine, fulminant hepatitis, and liver transplantation. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91: 2647-8.
Kamiyama T, Nouchi T, Kojima S, Murata N, Ikeda T, Sato C. Autoimmune hepatitis triggered by administration of an herbal medicine. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92: 703-4.
Björnsson ES, Bergmann OM, Björnsson HK, Kvaran RB, Olafsson S. Incidence, presentation and outcomes in patients with drug-induced liver injury in the general population of Iceland. Gastroenterology 2013; 144: 1419-25.
Verucchi G, Calza L, Attard L, Chiodo F. Acute hepatitis induced by traditional Chinese herbs used in the treatment of psoriasis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 17: 1342-3.
Kim SY, Yim HJ, Ahn JH, Kim JH, Kim JN, Yoon I, Kim DI, et al. Two cases of toxic hepatitis caused by arrowroot juice. Korean J Hepatol 2009; 15: 504-9 (Abstract in English, article in Korean).
Bae SH, Kim DH, Bae YS, Lee KJ, Kim DW, Yoon JB, Hong JH, et al. Toxic hepatitis associated with Polygoni multiflori. Korean J Hepatol 2010; 16: 182-6 (Abstract in English, article in Korean).
Gono Y, Odaguchi H, Hayasaki T, Suzuki K, Oikawa T, Muranushi A, Akahoshi T, et al. Clinical analysis of cases with drug-induced liver injury for Kampo medicine. Kampo Med 2010; 61: 828-33 (Abstract in English, article in Japanese).
Linnebur SA, Rapacchietta OC, Vejar M. Hepatotoxicity associated with chinese skullcap contained in Move Free Advanced dietary supplement: two case reports and review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 2010; 750: 258e-262e.
Yang L, Aronsohn A, Hart J, Jensen D. Herbal hepatotoxicity from Chinese skullcap: A case report. World J Hepatol 2012; 4: 231-3.
Dhanasekaran R, Owens V, Sanchez W. Chinese skullcap in Move Free arthritis supplement causes drug induced liver injury and pulmonary infiltrates. Case Reports Hepatol 2013. Article ID 965092. DOI: org/10.1155/2013/965092.
Kang HS, Choi HS, Yun TJ, Lee KG, Seo YS, Yeon JE, Byun KS, et al. A case of acute cholestatic hepatitis induced by Corydalis speciosa Max. Korean J Hepatol 2009; 15: 517- 23 (Abstract in English, article in Korean).
Jorge OA, Jorge AD. Hepatotoxicity associated with the ingestion of Centella asiatica. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2005; 97: 115-24.
Kim YJ, Ryu SL, Shim JW, Kim DS, Shim JY, Park MS, Jung HL. A pediatric case of toxic hepatitis induced by Hovenia dulcis. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2012; 15: 111-6.
Woolf GM, Petrovic LM, Rojter SE, Wainwright S, Villamil FG, Katkov WN, Michieletti P, et al. Acute hepatitis associated with the Chinese herbal product Jin Bu Huan. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121: 729-35.
Horowitz RS, Feldhaus K, Dart RC, Stermitz FR, Beck JJ. The clinical spectrum of Jin Bu Huan toxicity. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 899-903.
Picciotti A, Campo N, Brizzolara R, Giusto R, Guido G, Sinelli N, Lapertosa G, et al. Chronic hepatitis induced by Jin Bu Huan. J Hepatol 1998; 28: 165-7.
Divinsky M. Case report: Jin Bu Huan - not so benign herbal medicine. Can Fam Physician 2002; 48: 1640-2.
Inoue H, Yamazaki S, Shimizu M, Uozki H, Goto T, Ohnishi S, Koike K. Liver injury induced by the Japanese herbal drug kamishoyosan. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011: 7: 692-5.
Garcia-Moran S, Saez-Royuela F, Gento E, Lopez Morante A, Arias L. Acute hepatitis associated with Camellia tea and Orthosiphon stamineus ingestion. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 27: 559-60.
Peyrin-Biroulet L, Petitpain N, Kalt P, Ancel D, Petit-Laurent F, Trechot P, Barraud H, et al. Probable hepatotoxicity from epigallocatecol gallate used for phytotherapy. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2004; 28: 404-6 (Article in French).
Gloro R, Hourmand-Ollivier I, Mosquet B, Mosquet L, Rousselot P, Salamé E, Piquet MA, et al. Fulminant hepatitis during self-medication with hydroalcoholic extract of green tea. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 17: 1135-7.
Javaid A, Bonkovsky HL. Hepatotoxicity due to extracts of Chinese green tea (Camellia sinensis): a growing concern. J Hepatol 2006; 45: 334-5.
Jimenez-Saenz M, Martinez-Sanchez M del C. Acute hepatitis associated with the use of green tea infusions. J Hepatol 2006; 44: 616-7.
Bonkovsky HL. Hepatotoxicity associated with supplements containing Chinese green tea (Camellia sinensis). Ann Intern Med 2006: 144: 68-71. Erratum in: Ann Intern Med 2006; 144: 380.
Molinari M, Watt KD, Kruszyna T, Nelson R, Walsh M, Huang WY, Nashan B, et al. Acute liver failure induced by green tea extracts: case reports and review of the literature. Liver Transpl 2006; 12: 1892-5.
Björnsson E, Olsson R. Serious adverse liver reactions associated with herbal weight loss supplements. J Hepatol 2007; 47: 295-7.
García-Cortés M, Borraz Y, Lucena MI, Peláez G, Salmerón J, Diago M, Martínez-Sierra MC, et al. Liver injury induced by “natural remedies”: an analysis of cases submitted to the Spanish Liver Toxicity Registry. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2008; 100: 688-95.
Sarma DN, Barrett ML, Chavez ML, Gardiner P, Ko R, Mahady GB, Marles RJ, et al. Safety of green tea extract: a systematic review by the US Pharmacopeia. Drug Saf 2008; 31: 469-84.
Mazzanti G, Menniti-Ippolito F, Moro PA, Cassetti F, Raschetti R, Santuccio C, Mastrangelo S. Hepatotoxicity from green tea: a review of the literature and two unpublished cases. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2009; 65: 331-41.
Rohde J, Jacobsen C, Kromann-Andersen H. Toxic hepatitis triggered by green tea. Ugeskr Laeger 2011: 173: 205-206 (Abstract in English, article in Danish).
Navarro VJ, Bonkovsky HL, Hwang SI, Vega M, Barnhart H, Serrano J. Catechins in dietary supplements and hepatotoxicity. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58: 2682-90.
Nadir A, Agrawal S, King PD, Marshall JB. Acute hepatitis associated with the use of a Chinese herbal product, mahuang. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91: 1436-8.
Borum ML. Fulminant exacerbation of autoimmune hepatitis after the use of Ma Huang. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96: 1654-5.
Skoulidis F, Alexander GJ, Davies SE. Ma huang associated acute liver failure requiring liver transplantation. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 17: 581-4.
Reuben A, Koch DG, Lee WM, and the Acute Liver Failure Study Group. Drug-induced acute liver failure: Results of a U.S. multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology 2010; 52: 2065-76.
Culvenor CCJ, Edgar JA, Smith LW, Kumana CR, Lin HJ. Heliotropium lasiocarpum Fisch and Mey identified as cause of veno-occlusive disease due to herbal tea. Lancet 1986; 1(8487): 978.
Aiba T, Takahashi T, Suzuki K, Okoshi S, Nomoto M, Uno K, Aoyagi Y. Liver injury induced by a Japanese herbal medicine, sairei-to (TJ-114, Bupleurum and Hoelen combination, Chai-Ling-Tang). J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 22: 762-3.
Tsuda T, Yashiro S, Gamo Y, Watanabe K, Hoshino T, Oikawa T, Hanawa T. Discrepancy between clinical course and drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation tests in a case of saireito-induced liver injury accompanied by Sjögren syndrome. J Altern Complement Med 2010; 16: 501-5.
Dai HF, Gao Y, Yang M, Yu CH, Gu ZY, Chen WX. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease induced by Gymura segetum: report of two cases. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2006; 5: 406-8.
Chen MY, Cai JT, Du Q. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated with the use of Gynura segetum. Eur J Intern Med 2007; 18: 609.
Li C, Liang XS, Li CZ. Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome associated with the ingestion of gynura root. Clin Toxicol 2010; 48: 962-4.
Lin G, Wang JY, Li N, Li M, Gao H, Ji Y, Zhang F, et al. Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome associated with consumption of Gynura segetum. J Hepatol 2011; 54: 666-73.
Gao H, Li N, Wang JY, Zhang SC, Lin G. Definitive diagnosis of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome induced by pyrrolizidine alkaloids. J Dig Dis 2012; 13: 33-9.
Cárdenas A, Restrepo JC, Sierra F, Correa G. Acute hepatitis due to shen-min: a herbal product derived from Polygonum multiflorum. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006; 40: 629-32.
But PPH, Tomlinson B, Lee KL. Hepatitis related to the Chinese medicine Shou-wu-pian manufactured from Polygonum multiflorum. Vet Hum Toxicol 1996; 38: 280-2.
Park GJH, Mann SP, Ngu MC. Acute hepatitis induced by Shou-Wu-Pian, a herbal product derived from Polygonum multiflorum. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 16: 115-7.
Battinelli L, Daniele C, Mazzanti G, Mastroianni CM, Lichtner M, Coletta S, Costantini S. New case of acute hepatitis following the consumption of Shou Wu Pian, a Chinese herbal product derived from Polygonum multiflorum. Ann Intern Med 2004; 140: 587-8.
Panis B, Wong DR, Hooymans PM, De Smet PAGM, Rosias PR. Recurrent toxic hepatitis in a Caucasian girl related to the use of Shou-Wu-Pian, a Chinese herbal preparation. J Pediat Gastroenterol Nutr 2005; 41: 256-8.
Laird AR, Ramchandani N, deGoma EM, Avula B, Khan IA, Gesundheit N. Acute hepatitis associated with the use of an herbal supplement (Polygonum multiflorum) mimicking iron-overload syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol 2008; 42: 861-2.
Furukawa M, Kasajima S, Nakamura Y, Shouzushima M, Nagatani N, Takinishi A, Taguchi A, et al. Toxic hepatitis induced by Show-Wu-Pian, a Chinese herbal preparation. Inter Med 2010; 49: 1537-40.
Valente G, Sanges M, Campione S, Bellevicine C, De Franchis G, Sollazzo R, Matera D, et al. Herbal hepatotoxicity: a case of difficult interpretation. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2010; 14: 865-70.
Jung KA, Min HJ, Yoo SS, Kim HJ, Choi SN, Ha CY, Kim HJ, et al. Drug-induced liver injury: Twenty five cases of acute hepatitis following ingestion of Polygonum multiflorum Thun. Gut Liver 2011; 5: 493-9.
Banarova A, Koller T, Payer J. Toxic hepatitis induced by Polygonum multiflorum. Vnitr Lek 2012; 58: 958-62 (Abstract in English, article in Slovak).
Cohen SM, Heywood E, Pillai A, Ahn J. Hepatotoxicity associated with the use of White Flood, a nutritional supplement. Practical Gastroenterology 2012; October issue: 45-8.
Itoh S, Marutani K, Nishijima T, Matsuo S, Itabashi M. Liver injuries induced by herbal medicine, Syo-saiko-to (xiao-chai-hu-tang). Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40: 1845-8.
Hsu LM, Huang YS, Tsay SH, Chang FY, Lee SD. Acute hepatitis induced by Chinese hepatoprotective herb xiaochai- hu-tang. J Chin Med Assoc 2006; 69: 86-8.
Teschke R. Traditional Chinese Medicine induced liver injury. J Clin Translat Hepatol 2014; 2: 80-94. DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2014.00003.
Teschke R, Wolff A, Frenzel C, Schulze J. Review article: herbal hepatotoxicity - an update on traditional Chinese medicine preparations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 40: 32-50.
Davies EG, Pollock I, Steel HM. Chinese herbs for eczema. Lancet 1990; 336: 117.
Graham-Brown R. Toxicity of Chinese herbal remedies. Lancet 1992; 340: 673.
Sanders D, Kennedy N, McKendrick MW. Monitoring the safety of herbal remedies: Herbal remedies have a heterogeneous nature. Br Med J 1995; 311: 1569.
Shaw D. Toxicological risks of Chinese herbs. Planta Med 2010; 76: 2012-8.
Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, Vol. 1. Beijing: Peoples Medical Publishing House; 2005.
Chan K. Chinese medicinal materials and their interface with Western medical concepts. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 96: 1-18.
Danan G, Bénichou C. Causality assessment of adverse reactions to drugs - I. A novel method based on the conclusions of international consensus meetings: application to drug-induced liver injuries. J Clin Epidemiol 1993; 46: 1323-30.
Teschke R, Frenzel C, Schulze J, Eickhoff A. Herbal hepatotoxicity: challenges and pitfalls of causality assessment methods. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19: 2864-82.
Teschke R, Wolff A, Frenzel C, Schwarzenboeck A, Schulze J, Eickhoff A. Drug and herb induced liver injury: Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences scale for causality assessment. World J Hepatol 2014; 6: 17-32.
Aithal GP, Watkins PB, Andrade RJ, Larrey D, Molokhia M, Takikawa H, Hunt CM, et al. Case definition and phenotype standardization in drug-induced liver injury. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 89: 806-15.
National Institutes of Health (NIH) and LiverTox: Drug record. Ba Jiao Lian (Dysosma pleianthum). Last updated 10 September 2013. Available at: http:// livertox.nih.gov/BaJiaoLian.htm [Accessed 7 May, 2014].
Teschke R, Genthner A, Wolff A, Frenzel C, Schulze J, Eickhoff A. Herbal hepatotoxicity: Analysis of cases with initially reported positive reexposure tests. Dig Liv Dis 2014; 46: 264-9.
Bénichou C. Criteria of drug-induced liver disorders. Report of an international consensus meeting. J Hepatol 1990; 11: 272-6.
Takikawa H. A proposal of the diagnostic scale of druginduced liver injury. Hepatology Res 2005; 32: 250-1.
Chau TN, Cheung WI, Ngan T, Lin J, Lee KWS, Poon WT, Leung VKS, et al., and the Hong Kong Herb-Induced Liver Injury Network (HK-HILIN). Causality assessment of herb-induced liver injury using multidisciplinary approach and the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM). Clin Toxicol 2011; 49: 34-9. 19 Traditional Chinese Medicine and herbal hepatotoxicity. , 2015; 14 (1): 7-19
Teschke R, Frenzel C, Schulze J, Schwarzenboeck A, Eickhoff A. Herbalife hepatotoxicity: Evaluation of cases with positive reexposure tests. World J Hepatol 2013; 5: 353-63.
Teschke R, Frenzel C, Glass X, Schulze J, Eickhoff A. Herbal hepatotoxicity: A critical review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 75: 630-6.
Teschke R, Lebot V. Proposal for a Kava Quality Standardization Code. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49: 2503-16.
Ernst E. Adulteration of Chinese herbal medicines with synthetic drugs: a systematic review. J Intern Med 2002; 252: 107-13.
Posadzki P, Watson L, Ernst E. Contamination and adulteration of herbal medicinal products (HMPs): an overview of systematic reviews. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 69: 295-307.
National Institutes of Health (NIH) and LiverTox: Drug record. Chi R Yun (Breynia officinalis). Last updated 25 October 2013. Available at: http://livertox.nih.gov/ ChiRYun.htm [Accessed 7 July, 2014].
Wu GL, Yu GY, Chen J. Clinical analysis of hepatic venoocclusive disease induced by Sedum aizoon. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2008; 33: 2402-4 (Abstract in English, article in Chinese).
Wang JY, Gao H. Tusanqi and hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Dig Dis 2014; 15: 105-7.
Kumana CR, Ng M, Lin HJ, Ko W, Wu PC, Todd D. Herbal tea induced hepatic veno-occlusive disease: quantification of toxic alkaloid exposure in adults. Gut 1985; 26: 101-4.
Kumana CR, Ng M, Lin HJ, Ko W, Wu PC, Todd D. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease due to toxic alkaloid in herbal tea. Lancet 1983; II: 1360-1.
Ko RJ. Adulterants in Asian patent medicines. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 847.
Son HS, Kim GS, Lee SW, Kang SB, Back JT, Nam SW, Lee DS, et al. Toxic hepatitis associated with carp juice ingestion. Korean J Hepatol 2006; 12: 103-6 (Abstract in English, article in Korean).
Mukai H, Watanabe T, Ando M, Katsumata N. An alternative medicine, Agaricus blazei, may have induced severe hepatic dysfunction in cancer patients. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2006; 36: 808-10.
Chan DWS, Yeung CK, Chan MK. Acute renal failure after eating raw fish gall bladder. BMJ 1985: 295: 897.
Xuan BHN, Thi TXN, Nguyen ST, Goldfarb DS, Stokes MB, Rabenou RA. Ichthyotoxic ARF after fish gallbladder ingestion: a large case series from Vietnam. Am J Kidney Dis 2003; 41: 220-4.
Kung SW, Chan YC, Tse ML, Lau FL, Chau TL, Tam MKP. Acute renal failure and hepatitis following ingestion of carp gallbladder. Clin Toxicol 2008; 46: 753-7.
Higgins JPT, Green S (eds.). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Cochrane Book). Wiley Blackwell, Chiester, West Sussex, England; 2008.
Manheimer E, Wieland S, Kimborough E, Cheng K, Berman BM. Evidence from the Cochrane Collaboration for traditional Chinese medicine therapies. J Alternat Complement Med 2009; 15: 1001-4.