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2004, Número 4

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Gac Med Mex 2004; 140 (4)


Beneficios de la práctica del ejercicio en los ancianos

Ávila-Funes JA, García-Mayo EJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 431-436
Archivo PDF: 59.42 Kb.


RESUMEN

El envejecimiento provoca múltiples cambios en la composición corporal como la pérdida de músculo esquelético (sarcopenia). La sarcopenia es un componente clave del modelo de fragilidad y su causa es desconocida. Diversas estrategias se han utilizado para preservar e incluso aumentar la masa muscular y la función en los ancianos. El músculo es un sistema versátil y se ha demostrado su adaptación a un programa continuo de ejercicio. El ejercicio aeróbico y el entrenamiento de la fuerza mejoran la capacidad funcional y pueden revertir y/o disminuir la sarcopenia en los ancianos, ya sean sanos, viejos-viejos y en los ancianos frágiles. La principal diferencia con los programas de ejercicio para adultos jóvenes es la forma como se aplica, "iniciar bajo y avanzar lento". En esta revisión se mencionan los aspectos fisiopatológicos e implicaciones clínicas de la pérdida de músculo esquelético, así como los programas para mejorar la capacidad aeróbica y la fuerza muscular en la vejez.


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