2015, Número 1
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Rev Hematol Mex 2015; 16 (1)
Consenso mexicano para el tratamiento de la hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna
Góngora-Biachi RA, González-Martínez P, Ceballos-López AA, Rivas-Llamas JR, Rico-Curiel E, Aquino-Salgado JL, López-Karpovitch X, López-Hernández M, Alvarado-Ibarra M, Trejo-Gómora JE, Vélez-Ruelas MA, Oropeza-Martínez MP, Selva-Pallares JE, León-González MG
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 66
Paginas: 70-96
Archivo PDF: 552.65 Kb.
RESUMEN
La hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna es un padecimiento que deriva
de la expansión de una o más clonas de células madre hematopoyéticas
que tienen una mutación somática del gen PIG-A, que ocasiona
la síntesis defectuosa del glucosil-fosfatidil-inositol (GPI) y, a su vez,
deficiencias parciales o completas de CD59 y de CD55, deficiencias
que ocasionan mayor sensibilidad de las células de hemoglobinuria
paroxística nocturna (HPN) al efecto biológico del complemento. Las
manifestaciones clínicas de la hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna
reflejan afectación del sistema hematopoyético (hemólisis intravascular,
hematopoyesis ineficaz, trombofilia), aunque la hipertensión
pulmonar, la insuficiencia renal crónica y la distonía de músculo liso
(disfagia, dolor abdominal), la fatiga crónica y la disfunción eréctil son
parte del espectro clínico de este padecimiento en asociación con la
eliminación crónica del óxido nítrico (ON). La anemia aplásica, los
síndromes mielodisplásicos y la leucemia aguda también son eventos
reconocidos como parte de este espectro clínico. El tratamiento de la
hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna ha sido básicamente empírico y
se basa en la experiencia de los grupos hematológicos. En la mayoría
de los casos, los esquemas terapéuticos están enfocados a disminuir
los síntomas o a prevenir complicaciones. A partir de los avances en el
conocimiento de la patogénesis de la hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna
han surgido tratamientos más racionales contra esta enfermedad,
en especial el eculizumab, anticuerpo que bloquea la fracción C5 del
complemento. Este trabajo comunica la primera versión del Consenso
mexicano para el tratamiento de la hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna
elaborado por el Grupo Mexicano de Estudio de la Hemoglobinuria
Paroxística Nocturna y las Enfermedades del Complemento.
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