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2014, Número 4

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Evid Med Invest Salud 2014; 7 (4)


Factores sociodemográficos y psicosociales asociados a la adherencia a la medicación postrasplante renal en pacientes adultos

Mena-Nájera A, Barragán-Fuentes AG, Gómez-de-Regil L

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 34
Paginas: 162-168
Archivo PDF: 301.09 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La adherencia al tratamiento refleja el grado en que el paciente comprende, está de acuerdo con y se esfuerza en seguir las recomendaciones terapéuticas; es un importante predictor del éxito de un trasplante. Objetivo: Conocer los principales factores sociodemográficos y psicosociales asociados a la adherencia a la medicación postrasplante renal en enfermos adultos. Método: A través del portal de CONRICyT, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática con palabras clave en español e inglés de artículos pertinentes y publicados entre el 2004 y 2014. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 28 artículos; la mayoría son estudios realizados en América, principalmente en Estados Unidos. Entre los factores sociodemográficos asociados a la no adherencia destacan ser más joven, ser hombre, tener un mayor tiempo transcurrido desde el trasplante y un empleo de tiempo completo. Entre los factores psicosociales destacan el apoyo social, la percepción de control sobre la enfermedad y/o tratamiento, la depresión y el estrés, así como los estilos de afrontamiento. Discusión: Considerar el perfil sociodemográfico y psicosocial de los pacientes facilitará la identificación de aquellos individuos en riesgo de mala adherencia y/o abandono, lo que puede llevar a la pérdida del órgano o, incluso, a la muerte de la persona. El estudio de la adherencia al tratamiento se presenta como un campo de vastas oportunidades tanto para la investigación como para la práctica clínica. Realizar estudios en el área en nuestro país e instituciones es una tarea necesaria a fin de obtener información relevante para el tratamiento e intervención oportuna con nuestros pacientes trasplantados.


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