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2015, Número 1

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Rev Cub Med Int Emerg 2015; 14 (1)


Estudio de factores de riesgo de la neumonía asociada a la ventilación

Soneira PJ, Soneira MJM, Rivero LFM, Díaz LY, Arteaga CY

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 34
Paginas: 87-96
Archivo PDF: 156.14 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La detección de los factores de riesgo para la neumonía asociada al ventilador, así como su diagnóstico precoz permite mejorar el pronóstico de los pacientes sometidos a ventilación mecánica.
Objetivo: Identificar los principales factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de neumonía nosocomial asociada a la ventilación mecánica.
Método: Estudio observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo de 122 pacientes sometidos a ventilación mecánica en el período comprendido entre enero del 2010 a diciembre del 2011 en la UCI del Hospital Miguel Enríquez.
Resultados: Los factores de riesgo identificados para la aparición de neumonía asociada a la ventilación incluyeron la realización de traqueotomía, el uso de esteroides sistémicos y el hábito de fumar. Los factores de riesgo asociados a la mortalidad identificados fueron el uso de antibióticos previos y los politraumatismos. Entre los gérmenes aislados predominaron los gram negativos e infecciones polimicrobianas. Predominaron los gérmenes resistentes a más de 5 antibióticos.
Conclusiones: Se demostró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el estado al egreso de los pacientes y el uso previo de antimicrobianos, el antecedente de trauma así como la duración de la ventilación mecánica. Se aislaron gérmenes multirresistentes.


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