Milani M, Fischer TW

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 62
Paginas: 30-36
Archivo PDF: 497.78 Kb.

RESUMEN

Hasta hace muy poco, la melatonina había sido considerada exclusivamente una hormona que regula el ritmo circadiano de día/noche y los biorritmos estacionales. Sin embargo, investigaciones recientes han demostrado que la melatonina tiene múltiples actividades que incluyen efectos antioxidantes y antiinflamatorios. En particular, la piel humana no sólo es un objetivo de la bioactividad de la melatonina, sino también una importante región extrapineal para su síntesis, regulación y metabolismo. La piel expresa el aparato enzimático completo necesario para la biosíntesis de la melatonina. Por lo tanto, la piel se considera ahora una zona extrapineal relevante para la producción local de melatonina. Además, la piel puede crear una barrera antioxidante contra los factores estresantes del entorno a través de su sistema melatoninérgico antioxidante. Los receptores de melatonina se expresan en los queratinocitos, melanocitos y fibroblastos. Por último, la melatonina cutánea está implicada en la regulación del crecimiento capilar y la función de barrera de la piel. En el cabello, en concreto en el cuero cabelludo, la melatonina puede mediar en varias acciones positivas para el crecimiento normal del pelo; por ejemplo, promover la fase anágena. Además, la melatonina puede tener propiedades antiapoptóticas sobre las células residuales del folículo piloso mediante la atenuación del estrés oxidativo. Los estudios clínicos han demostrado que la melatonina también puede contrarrestar la acción celular inducida por la testosterona. Por lo tanto, existen fuertes razones para el uso clínico de la melatonina en el manejo terapéutico de la alopecia. La melatonina tópica formulada en loción ha demostrado ser beneficiosa en el tratamiento de la alopecia androgénica, tanto en hombres como en mujeres. En esta revisión, se destaca el papel de la melatonina en la fisiología de la piel y, en particular, en el folículo piloso, así como la evidencia clínica disponible sobre la eficacia de la melatonina tópica en la alopecia androgénica.

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