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2014, Número 3

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Rev Cuba Endoc 2014; 25 (3)


Riesgo cardiovascular en el síndrome de Cushing

García GY, Turcios TS, Acosta CA, Cossette DS, Cabrera GM, Robles TE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 53
Paginas: 178-190
Archivo PDF: 189.09 Kb.


RESUMEN

El síndrome de Cushing se caracteriza por un estado de hipercortisolismo endógeno, que produce múltiples y variadas alteraciones metabólicas que aumentan el riesgo cardiovascular en la fase activa de la enfermedad y aún después de la curación. La presencia de la obesidad central, la dislipidemia, la hipertensión arterial, la resistencia a la insulina y los trastornos en la tolerancia a la glucosa (componentes del síndrome metabólico), aceleran el proceso de la aterosclerosis sistémica. El exceso de glucocorticoides genera además, un estado protrombótico que se acompaña de disfunción endotelial. Esto se traduce en un mayor riesgo de infarto del miocardio, insuficiencia cardiaca, ictus y eventos tromboembólicos venosos. Se ha estimado un incremento de la mortalidad hasta 4 veces mayor cuando se compara a estos pacientes con la población general, de ahí que pueda considerarse una enfermedad potencialmente letal. Asociado a la necesidad de eliminar la causa del exceso de glucocorticoides, se recomienda la evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular global y el tratamiento intensivo de cada uno de los factores de riesgo durante la fase activa, en el periodo de remisión y luego de la curación. Teniendo en cuenta lo mencionado anteriormente y la importancia del tema, se realiza una actualización de la repercusión cardiovascular del hipercortislismo en los pacientes que lo padecen.


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