Uribe YDF, Fabián M Cortes Mancera

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 39
Paginas: 81-93
Archivo PDF: 593.86 Kb.

RESUMEN

El cáncer se ha constituido en uno de los principales problemas de la salud pública mundial, no solo por su casuística sino por la alta morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas; solo en 2008 se estimaron más de 12 millones de nuevos casos de cáncer diagnosticados, 7 millones de muertes y 25 millones de personas vivas con este padecimiento. A nivel celular y molecular, el cáncer se define como una alteración de los mecanismos que regulan la división celular. Entre estos mecanismos, la epigenética estudia los cambios heredables que afectan el patrón de la expresión génica, que no son consecuencia de alteraciones en la secuencia nucleotídica del gen (mutaciones), o de sus secuencias reguladoras (promotores). De estos cambios, la metilación del ADN es la mejor caracterizada, asociándose con el silenciamiento o sobreexpresión de genes claves en la regulación del inicio y la progresión del cáncer, como es el caso de los genes involucrados en la vía de señalización Wnt/β-catenina. Comprender los pasos implicados en el inicio y en el establecimiento de alteraciones en la expresión génica mediadas por fenómenos epigenéticos, permitirá desarrollar terapias dirigidas a componentes claves involucrados en este proceso. En el presente manuscrito se analizan algunos mecanismos epigenéticos, su efecto sobre la regulación de la expresión génica, y su papel en la carcinogénesis.

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