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Revista Cubana de Anestesiología y Reanimación

2014, Número 2

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Revista Cubana de Anestesiología y Reanimación 2014; 13 (2)


La obesidad y sus implicaciones: una mirada desde la anestesiología

Navarro-Vargas JR, Valero-Bernal JF

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 44
Paginas: 156-167
Archivo PDF: 204.25 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: la obesidad es una enfermedad crónica que se asocia a cambios físicos, farmacológicos y fisiológicos que deben ser considerados en la valoración preanestésica.
Objetivo: hacer una puesta al día sobre la obesidad y sus implicaciones: una mirada desde la anestesiología.
Metodología: revisión narrativa no sistemática de la literatura en los últimos 20 años, en base de datos Pubmed, Embase, Lilacs.
Resultados: el anestesiólogo se enfrenta hoy a una de las morbilidades más frecuentes de pacientes que se programan a cirugías electivas y de urgencias: el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Debe estar preparado para prevenir complicaciones propias del aumento del tejido graso en el individuo como son los cambios en la vía aérea, los sistemas cardiovascular, respiratorio, gastrointestinal y del sistema nervioso. Debe conocer la farmacocinética y farmacodinamia en el metabolismo de estos pacientes y anticiparse a las condiciones postoperatorias que requieran tratamiento intensivo. La cirugía bariátrica es uno de los tratamientos propuesto para la conducta a seguir en pacientes con obesidad mórbida, y es otro reto para el anestesiólogo.
Conclusiones: de su papel seguramente va a depender el éxito en la sobrevida del paciente.


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