medigraphic.com
Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría

2014, Número 4

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Acta Pediatr Mex 2014; 35 (4)


Evaluación, diagnóstico, tratamiento y oportunidades de prevención de la obesidad

Perea-Martínez A, López-Navarrete GE, Padrón-Martínez M, Lara-Campos AG, Santamaría-Arza C, Ynga-Durand MA, Peniche-Calderón J, Espinosa-Garamendi E, Ballesteros-del Olmo JC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 87
Paginas: 316-337
Archivo PDF: 686.67 Kb.


RESUMEN

La obesidad es un problema de salud pública mundial que se ha convertido en un asunto prioritario para los gobiernos y los sistemas administrativos de la economía mundial. Esto, debido a su impacto y a las potenciales consecuencias en la salud y la calidad de vida de los individuos que la padecen y de sus familias, así como en los sistemas de salud y en la economía global. Es un padecimiento multifactorial con orígenes prenatales y posnatales que son bien conocidos y que permiten señalar claramente las oportunidades de prevención y tratamiento que deben ser llevadas a la práctica. Así, es necesario que el profesional de la salud cuente con un conocimiento profundo de la enfermedad y de sus complicaciones, así como de las opciones existentes para su tratamiento; desde el manejo de conductas para la adquisición de un estilo de vida saludable hasta los fármacos, nutrientes y opciones quirúrgicas, a fin de lograr contener el impacto que tiene sobre los años de vida saludable, la esperanza de vida y la salud laboral de los individuos del mundo entero.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/es/ index.html

  2. Garduño EJ, Morales CG, Martínez VS, Contreras HI, Flores HS, et al. Una mirada desde los servicios de salud a la nutrición de la niñez mexicana. III. Carga económica y en salud de la obesidad en niños mexicanos. Proyecciones de largo plazo. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2008;65:49-56.

  3. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición. 2012. Secretaría de Salud. México. 2012. Disponible en: http://ensanut.insp.mx/

  4. Sánchez-Muñoz F, García-Macedo R, Alarcón-Aguilar F, Cruz M. Adipocinas, tejido adiposo y su relación con células del sistema inmune. Gac Med Mex 2006;141:505-12.

  5. Wellen KE, Hotamisligil GS. Obesity-induced inflammatory changes in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 2003;112:1785-8.

  6. Pittas AG, Joseph NA, Greenberg AS. Adipocytokines and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:447-52.

  7. Kiortsis DN. A review of the metabolic effects of controlledreleased Phentermine/Topiramate. Hormon 2013;12:507- 16.

  8. Kushner RF. Weight Loss Strategies for Treatment of Obesity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2014;56:465-72.

  9. Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R, Tavalaee ZS, Ghatreh SS. Effect of education on anthropometric indices in obese parents and children after one year of folow-up. Atheroscl J 2012;8:21-6.

  10. Nanri A, Tomita K, Matsushita Y, Ichikawa F, Yamamoto M, Nagafuchi Y, Kakumoto Y, Mizoue T. Effect of Six Months Lifestyle Intervention in Japanese Men with Metabolic Syndrome: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Occup Health 2012;54:215-22.

  11. Bergh I, Bjelland M, Grydeland M, Lien N, Andersen LF, Klepp KI, Anderssen SA, Ommundsen Y. Mid-way and postintervention effects on potential determinants of physical activity and sedentary behavior, results of the HEIA study – a culti-component school-based randomized trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012;9:63.

  12. Van Grieken A, Ezendam N, Paulis WD, van der Wouden, Raat H. primary prevention of overweight in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of interventions aiming to decrease sedentary behavior. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012;9:61.

  13. Norheim F, Gjelstad I, Hjorth M et al. Molecular Nutrition Research –The Modern Way Of Performing Nutritional Science. Nutrients 2012;4:1898-1944.

  14. Hoseim SM, Khosravi-Darani K, Mozafari MR. Nutritional and Medical Applications of Spirulina Microalgae. Mini-rev Med Chem 2013; 13: 1231-7.

  15. Perea MA, López NGE, Santamaría AC, Barrios FR, Reyes GU, Perea CAL, y cols. Nutrición y Obesidad. PAC/Academia Mexicana de Pediatría 2014. En Prensa.

  16. Serrano SA, Reynés MJ, Perea MA. Cuidar a la infancia… desde antes de nacer. México Social 1º Noviembre 2012.

  17. Adamo KB, Ferraro ZM, Brett KE. Can We Modify the Intrauterine Environment to Halt the Intergenerational Cycle of Obesity. Int J Environ Res Public health 2012;9:1263-1307.

  18. Alfaradhi MZ, Ozanne OE. Developmental programming in response to maternal overnutrition. Front Gen 2011;2:1- 13.

  19. Christian P, Stewart C. Maternal Micronutrient Deficiency, Fetal Development, and the Risk of Chronic Diseases. J Nutr 2010;140:437-45.

  20. González Hita ME, Ambrosio Macías KG, Sánchez Enríquez S. Regulación neuroendócrina del hambre, la saciedad y mantenimiento del balance energético. Inv Sal 2006;3:191-200.

  21. Barker DJP, Osmond C, Goldings J. Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. BMJ 1989;298:564-7.

  22. Barker DJP, Winter PD, Osmond C. Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease. Lancet 1989;2:577-80.

  23. Lucas A. Programming by early nutrition in man. Ciba Found Symp 1991;156:38-50.

  24. Ruager MR, Hyde MJ, Modi N. Maternal obesity and infant outcomes. J Early Hum Dev 2010;86:715-22.

  25. Guía de Práctica Clínica Para el Diagnóstico, Tratamiento y Prevención de Sobrepeso y Obesidad en el Adulto. México: Secretaria de Salud; 2008.

  26. Zarrati M, Shidfar F, Moradof M, Nasiri N, Keyvani H, Rezaei HM, Razmpoosh E. Relationship between breast feeding and obesity in children with low birth weight. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2013;15:676-82.

  27. Krebs N. F. Himes J. H. Jacobson D., et al. Assesment of Child and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity. Pediatrics 2007;120:S193.

  28. Prevención, Diagnóstico y tratamiento del Sobrepeso y la Obesidad Exógena. México, Secretaria de Salud, Actualización 2012.

  29. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/es/

  30. http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/

  31. Ruano GM, Teruel VS, Aguirregoicoa GE, Criado GL, Duque LY, García-Blanch G. Nutrición, síndrome metabólico y obesidad mórbida. Nutr Hosp 2011;26:759-64.

  32. Purkayastha S, Cai D. Neuroinflammatory basis of metabolic syndrome. Mol Metab 2013;2:358-63.

  33. Reinehr T. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. World J Diabetes 2013;4:270-81.

  34. Wolin KY, Carson K, Colints GA. Obesity and Cancer. The Oncologist 2010; 15:556-65.

  35. Michels KB, Barault L. Birth weight, maternal Weight Trajectories and Global DNA Methylation of LINE-1 Repetitive Elements. PLoS ONE 2011;6:e5254. doi:10.1371/ journal,pone.0025254

  36. D´Adamo E, Santoro N, Caprio S. Metabolic Syndrome in Pediatrics: Old Concepts Revised, New Concepts Discussed. Pediatr Clin N Am 2011;58:1241-1255.

  37. Flores HS, Klünder KM y López CN, Sobrepeso y Obesidad de los niños y adolescentes. Retos en sus causas, manejo y consecuencia. En: Nutrición y Gastroenterología pediátrica. Capítulo 15. México DF: McGraw Hill, 2013; pp. 140-160.

  38. Ananadacoomarasamy A, Caterson I, Sambrook P, Fransen M, March L. The impact of obesity on the musculoskeletal system. Int J Obesity 2008;32:211-222.

  39. Brumbaugh DE, Friedman JE. Developmental origins of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pediatr Res 2014;75:140-7.

  40. Pacifico L, Nobili V, Anania C, Verdecchia P, Chiesa C. Pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. World J Gastroenterol 2011;17:3082-91.

  41. Bayard M, Holt J, Boroughs E. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Am Fam Phys 2006;73:1961-8.

  42. Wu YW, Tseng PH, Lee YC, Wang SY, Chiu HM, Tu CH, et al. Association of esophageal inflammation, obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease:from FDG PET/CT perspective. PLoS One 2014;18:e92001

  43. Hall ME, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Juncos LA, Wang Z, Hall JE. Obesity hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2014;7:75-85.

  44. Young SK. Obesity Associated Hypertension: New Insights into Mechanism Electrol Blood Press 2013;11:46-52.

  45. Flynn JT, Daniels SR, Hayman LL, Maahs DM, McCrindle BW, Mitsnefes M, Zachariah JP, Urbina EM. Update: Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Children and Adolescents: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2014;63:doi:10.1161/ HYP.0000000000000007.

  46. Kim T, Yang Q. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors regulate redox signaling in the cardiovascular system. World J Cardiol 2013;26:164-74.

  47. Gregorio B, Athanazio RA, Vieira BA, Serra NF, Terese R, Hora F. Symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in children. J Bras Pneumol 2008;34:356-61.

  48. Taveras EM, Rifas-Shiman S, Oken E, Gunderson EP, Gillman MW. Short Sleep Duration in Infancy and Risk of Childhood Overweight. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008;162:305-11.

  49. Elvia VML, Rodea ME, Jiménez EA, Quintana VS. Metabolic syndrome and its components among obese (BMI > 95th) Mexican Adolescents. Endocr Connect 2013;2:208-15.

  50. Kennedy MJ, Jellerson KD, Snow MZ, Zacchetti ML. Challenges in the pharmacologic management of obesity and secondary dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. Paediatr Drugs 2013;15:335-42.

  51. Vander Wal JS, Mitchell ER. Psychological Complications of Pediatric Obesity. Pediatr Clin N AM 2011;58:1393-1401.

  52. Bremer AA. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the Pediatric Population. Metabol Synd Rel Disorders 2010;8:375-394.

  53. Contreras MY, Bueno PJH. Hipertension intracranial Idiopática: análisis descriptivo en nuestro medio. Neurología 2013:doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2013.08.009.

  54. Odegaard JI, Chawla A. Leukocyte set points in metabolic disease. Biol Report 2012;4:13 doi:10.3410/84-13.

  55. Perea MA, Bárcena SE, Rodríguez HR, et al. Obesidad y sus comorbilidades en un grupo de niños y adolescentes asistidos en el Instituto Nacional de Pediatria. Act Pediatr Mex 2009;30:167-74.

  56. Perea MA, López PL, Bárcena SE, et al. Propuestas para la atención continua de niños y adolescentes obesos. Act Pediatr Mex 2009;30:54-68.

  57. Klünder-Klünder M., Flores-Huerta S. Waist circumference values according to height percentiles: A proposal to evaluate abdominal obesity en mexican children and adolescents between 6 and 16 years of age. Arch Med Res 2011;42:515-22.

  58. Rauner A, Mess F, Wolf A. The relationship between physical activity, physical fitness and overweight in adolescents: a systematic review of studies published in or after 2000. BMC Pediatrics 2013;13:19.

  59. Rivera JA, Muñoz-Hernández O, Rosas-Peralta M, Aguilar- Salinas C, Popkin BM, Willett WC. Consumo de bebidas para una vida saludable: Recomendaciones para la población mexicana. Sal Pub Mex 2008;50:173-95.

  60. Brufani C, Crino A, Fintini D, Ippolita PP, Cappa M, Manco M. Systematic Review of Metformin Use in Obese Nondiabetic Children and Adolescents. Horm Res Paediatr 2013;80:78- 85.

  61. McCrindle BW. Summary of the American Heart Association´s Scientific Statement on Drug Therapy of High-Risk lipid Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007;27:982-5.

  62. Greydanus DE, Bricker LA, Feucht C. Pharmacotherapy for ObeseAdolescents. Pediatr Clin N Am 2011;58:139-53.

  63. Sherafat-Kazemzadeh R, Yanovski S, Yanovski JA. Pharmacotherapy for childhood obesity: present and future prospects. Int J Obesity 2013;37:1-15.

  64. Norheim F, Gjelstad I, Hjorth M et al. Molecular Nutrition Research –The Modern Way Of Performing Nutritional Science. Nutrients 2012;4:1898-1944.

  65. Riccioni G, D´Orazio N, Palumbo N, et al. Relationship between plasma antioxidant concentrations and carotid intima-media thickness: the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease In Manfredonia Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2009;16:351-7.

  66. Pariza MW Perspective on safety and effectiveness of conjugated linoleic acid. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79(suppl):1132S-6.

  67. Kennedy A, Martínez K, Schmidt S et al. Antiobesity Mechanisms of Action of Conjugated Linoleic Acid. J Nutr Biochem 2010;21:171-9.

  68. Teegarden D, Donkin SS. Vitamin D: emerging new roles in insulin sensitivity. Nutr Res Rev 2009;22:82-92.

  69. Danescu LG, Levy S, Levy J. Vitamin D and diabetes mellitus. Endocrine. 2009;35:11-7.

  70. Nagpal J, Pande JN, Bhartia A. A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the short-term effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on insulin sensitivity in apparently healthy, middle-aged, centrally obese men. Diabet Med 2009;26:19-27.

  71. Holick MF. Vitamin D Status: Measurement, interpretation, and Clinical Application. Ann Epidemiol 2009;19:73–8.

  72. Grineva EN, Karonova T, Micheeva E, et al. Vitamin D Deficiency is a risk factor for obesity and diabetes type 2 in women at late reproductive age. Aging 2013;5:575-81.

  73. De Pergola G, Nitti A, Bartolomeo N, et al. Possible Role of hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance in Lower Vitamin D Levels in Overweight and Obese Patients. Bio Med Res Int 2013.

  74. Kienreich K, Tomaschitz A, Verheyen N et al. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2013;5:3005-21.

  75. Tai K, Need AG, Horowitz M, Chapman IM. Vitamin D, glucose, insulin, and insulin sensitivity. Nutrition 2008;24:279-85.

  76. The Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Recommended Vitamin D intake and Management of Low Vitamin D Status in Adolescents: A Position Statement of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Adolesc Health 2013;52:801-3.

  77. Plantinga Y, Ghiadoni L, Magagna A, et al. Supplementation with vitamin C and E improves arterial stiffness and endothelial function in essential hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertension 2007;20:392–7.

  78. Engler M et al. Antioxidant Vitamins C and e Improve Endothelial Function in Children with Hyperlipidemia: Endothelial Assessment of Risk from Lipid in Youth (EARLY) Trial. Circulation 2003;108:1059-63.

  79. Zemel MB, Bruckbauer A. Effects of a Leucine and Piridoxine-Containing Nutraceutical on fat Oxidation, and oxidative and Inflammatory Stress in Overweight and Obese Subjects. Nutrients 2012;4:529-41.

  80. Bai Y, Sun L, Yang T, Sun K, Chen J, Hui R. Increase in fasting vascular endothelial function after short-ter oral L-arginine is effective when baseline flow-mediated dilation is low: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:77-88.

  81. Deng R, Chow T. Hypolipidemic, Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activities of Microalgae Spirulina. Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 28: e33-e45.

  82. Hua Y, Clark S, Ren J, Sreejayan N. Molecular Mechanisms of Chromium in Alleviating Insulin Resistance. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23: 313-319.

  83. Mallappa RH et al. Management of metabolic syndrome through probiotic and prebiotic interventions. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16: 20-7.

  84. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Use of Nutritive and Nonnutritive Sweeteners. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012;112:739- 758.

  85. Sylvetsky A, Rother K, Brown R. Artificial Sweetener Use Among Children: Epidemiology, Recommendations, Metabolic Outcomes, and Future Directions. Pediatr Clin N Am 2011;58:1467-1480.

  86. Yang Q. Gain weight by “going diet”. Artificial sweeteners and the neurobiology of sugar cravings. Neuroscience 2010. Yale J Biol Med 2010;83:101-108.

  87. NORMA Oficial Mexicana NOM-043-SSA2-2012




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com