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2014, Número 2

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Biotecnol Apl 2014; 31 (2)


Los microARN como biomarcadores y blancos terapéuticos en cáncer

Moro-Soria A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 74
Paginas: 81-86
Archivo PDF: 450.68 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los tumores malignos son la primera causa de muerte temprana de millones de personas en Cuba y otros países, por lo que el diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer es un problema de salud mundial. Tradicionalmente, estos tumores se clasifican y tratan según variables clínico-patológicas un tanto imprecisas todavía, pues no reflejan las particularidades moleculares de cada paciente. En este sentido, es preciso encontrar otros biomarcadores individuales y blancos terapéuticos que complementen esas variables y guíen el diagnóstico de los pacientes, su pronóstico y tratamiento. Los avances en el conocimiento de la biología del cáncer y el desarrollo de herramientas para los análisis genómicos, constituyen perspectivas clínicas para el descubrimiento de estos biomarcadores. Los microARN (miARN) son un tipo de ARN no codificante que provocan la regulación postranscripcional de la expresión génica. Su expresión en el cáncer está alterada, y podrían funcionar como oncogenes o supresores de tumores, por lo que se utilizan como biomarcadores diagnósticos, pronósticos, predictivos y blancos terapéuticos. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de este tema para oncólogos e investigadores, se describen la biogénesis de los miARN, su mecanismo de acción y los avances en el estudio como biomarcadores o dianas terapéuticas en el cáncer.


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