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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2014, Número 2

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Rev Invest Clin 2014; 66 (2)


Aspectos fisiopatológicos de los cotransportadores de K+:Cl-

Mercado A, Melo Z

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 54
Paginas: 173-180
Archivo PDF: 212.70 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los cotransportadores de K+:Cl- o KCCs son proteínas de membrana que transportan K+ y Cl- sin generar cambios en el potencial transmembranal. Pertenecen a la familia SLC12 (Solute Carrier Family 12) de cotransportadores electroneutros acoplados a cloro (CCC) y son transportadores de iones activos secundarios debido a que utilizan los gradientes establecidos por el transporte activo primario a través de la ATPasa de Na+/K+. Aunque se han identificado nueve miembros de esta familia, a la fecha sólo se han caracterizado siete genes, entre los cuales se encuentran dos cotransportadores de Na+:K+:2Cl- sensibles a diuréticos de asa (NKCC1/NKCC2), el cotransportador de Na+:Cl- sensible a tiazidas (NCC) y los cotransportadores de K+:Cl- (KCC) que son codificados por al menos cuatro genes homólogos (KCC1-KCC4), de los cuales se generan isoformas por empalme alternativo de exones. KCC1 es una forma ubicua, KCC3 y KCC4 se expresan ampliamente, en particular en células epiteliales, mientras que KCC2 se restringe al sistema nervioso central (SNC). Estos cotransportadores juegan un papel esencial en muchos procesos fisiológicos, tales como la regulación del volumen celular, el transporte transepitelial de sal y la regulación de la concentración de cloro intraneuronal. Esta revisión tiene el objetivo de mostrar de manera breve las características moleculares así como la importancia fisiológica y el papel de las diferentes isoformas de los KCCs en determinadas patologías.


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