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2014, Número 1

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Rev Invest Clin 2014; 66 (1)


Hipertensión arterial pulmonar, una entidad rara

Morales-Blanhir JE, Carmona-Rubio AE, Rosas-Romero MJ, Vergara de MGS, Arbo-Oze-de-Morvil GA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 100
Paginas: 65-78
Archivo PDF: 211.21 Kb.


RESUMEN

La hipertensión arterial pulmonar (HAP) es una enfermedad rara que se caracteriza por un aumento progresivo de la resistencia vascular pulmonar, que conlleva a la insuficiencia cardiaca derecha y la muerte prematura. Su diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano es esencial para tener un impacto en el pronóstico a largo plazo. Las estadísticas reportan 25 casos/ millón de habitantes, principalmente en mujeres, con una edad de diagnóstico entre 30/40 años. Algunos de los procesos que desencadenan los cambios fisiopatológicos son multifactoriales. Ante la sospecha, primero confirmar el diagnóstico, identificar la clase de hipertensión pulmonar (HP) de acuerdo con la clasificación y, por último, realizar estudios adicionales para identificar el tipo de HAP. El tratamiento de la hipertensión pulmonar, en especial de la HAP, ha permitido la aprobación de varias terapias específicas que confieren mejoras en la clínica, hemodinámica, calidad de vida y sobrevida. El tratamiento quirúrgico está indicado posterior a no obtener una respuesta adecuada en el tratamiento médico. En conclusión, la HAP se conoce como una enfermedad rara o huérfana; los países que llevan un registro en el diagnóstico, tratamiento, seguimiento y prevalencia son en su mayoría europeos, en América –exceptuando Estados Unidos y Canadá– no se cuenta con registros; sin embargo, en los últimos años existen avances importantes en Latinoamérica.


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