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2014, Número 2

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Revista Cubana de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular 2014; 15 (2)


Diagnóstico imagenológico de la enfermedad carotídea

Clavijo RT

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 48
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 86.82 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: la ateromatosis carotídea extracraneal origina aproximadamente el 30 % de los ictus de ese territorio. La enfermedad carotídea es una manifestación temprana de ateroesclerosis subclínica. Puede diagnosticarse desde el punto de vista clínico y con estudios de neuroimagen.
Objetivo: revisar los aspectos más relevantes del diagnóstico por imagen de la enfermedad carotidea y los conocimientos generales de la anatomía de la circulación carotídea.
Métodos: en las bases de datos consultadas (MedLine, Google académico, además de Cumed, SciELO Cuba), se revisaron los aspectos más relevantes del diagnóstico no invasivo de la enfermedad carotídea extracraneal.
Síntesis de la información: se encontró que para confirmar la presencia y características de lesión de la bifurcación carotídea se utilizan tres modalidades de diagnóstico no invasivo: la ecografía doppler, la resonancia magnética nuclear junto a la angiorresonancia magnética y la arteriografía por tomografía axial computarizada. Estas estudian el volumen arterial y las características de la pared e informan sobre la «vulnerabilidad» de la placa de ateroma.
Conclusiones: la precisión de los métodos no invasivos ha creado expectativas en la evaluación preoperatoria para la endarterectomía carotídea, evita el riesgo y los costos adicionales de la arteriografía por catéter. El diagnóstico temprano permite desarrollar pautas de intervención terapéutica, para mejorar su pronóstico. En la actualidad el desarrollo de la imagenología ha contribuido a un mejor conocimiento de la entidad.


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