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2011, Número 3

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CorSalud 2011; 3 (3)


Náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios con morfina liofilizada epidural. Su relación con algunas variables

Hernández OR, González AO, Hidalgo MPA, Marrero FIM, Rodríguez JM, Méndez MJ, García CS

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 34
Paginas: 149-156
Archivo PDF: 170.24 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción y objetivos: Las complicaciones postoperatorias asociadas al empleo epidural de opiáceos, limitan su mayor uso como método analgésico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir el comportamiento de las náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios con la aplicación de morfina liofilizada en la anestesia epidural. Método: Estudio prospectivo, observacional y a simple ciegas, donde se conformaron aleatoriamente 3 grupos de 20 pacientes cada uno: Grupo I recibió medicación preoperatoria con 10 mg de metoclopramida, Grupo II con 4 mg de ondansetrón y el Grupo III no recibió ninguna medicación preoperatoria. Resultados: Las náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios se presentaron en la muestra estudiada con una incidencia de 20,6 %. No hubo diferencias significativas entre la metoclopramida y el ondansetrón en la incidencia de náuseas y vómitos; efectos que se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en aquellas pacientes que se movilizaron en las primeras 12 horas y en las que tuvieron ingesta oral en ese mismo período de tiempo. Conclusiones: Las náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios fueron efectos adversos, relativamente frecuentes, al aplicar morfina liofilizada a la anestesia epidural. La metoclopramida fue tan efectiva como el ondansetrón en su efecto antiemético. Las náuseas y vómitos fueron más habituales en los pacientes que se movilizaron y tuvieron ingesta oral en las primeras 12 horas, y en los que no recibieron premedicación antiemética.


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