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2005, Número 4

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Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2005; 43 (4)


Epidemiología de las leucemias agudas en niños. Parte 1

Mejía AJM, Ortega ÁMC, Fajardo GA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 125
Paginas: 323-333
Archivo PDF: 185.98 Kb.


RESUMEN

En el presente artículo se lleva a cabo una revisión de estudios recientes relacionados con la epidemiología de la leucemia aguda en niños. En México, el cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte en la población de 1 a 15 años de edad. Las leucemias agudas son los cánceres más frecuentes en niños menores de 15 años; la atención de cada niño con cáncer representa para las instituciones de salud un costo aproximado de 620 mil dólares anuales. En diferentes partes del mundo, incluida la ciudad de México, la frecuencia de las leucemias agudas se ha incrementado. Conforme información del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, la ciudad de México presenta una de las tasas más altas del mundo. Los factores de riesgo más consistentes son las exposiciones ocupacionales, exposición a insecticidas y la exposición in utero a rayos X. Otros factores de riesgo como la exposición a campos electromagnéticos, la dieta, el tabaquismo y el alcoholismo en los padres, han arrojado resultados inconsistentes atribuibles a errores metodológicos en los estudios, y a que la mayoría de las veces no se evalúa la interacción entre la susceptibilidad a la leucemia aguda y los factores ambientales, situación que podría conducir al mejor entendimiento de los mecanismos causales de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, se recomienda tomar una actitud de prudente cautela para aceptar que dichos factores causen las leucemias agudas, pero se invita a tener una postura enérgica para disminuir la exposición a los mismos y dictaminar medidas preventivas más adecuadas.


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