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2014, Número 1

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Salud Mental 2014; 37 (1)


La genética del trastorno antisocial de la personalidad: Una revisión de la bibliografía

Holguín MTE, Palacios CJJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 113
Paginas: 83-91
Archivo PDF: 266.63 Kb.


RESUMEN

El trastorno antisocial de la personalidad (TAP) consiste en una incapacidad para adaptarse a las normas sociales que habitualmente rigen numerosos aspectos de la conducta de las personas en la adolescencia y la edad adulta. Los pacientes con TAP característicamente tienen problemas de irritabilidad y sentimientos agresivos hacia los demás, los cuales se expresan en el contexto de la amenaza o la intimidación. El TAP es menos común en la clínica comparándolo con la población general en la que se reporta una prevalencia media del 1.1. Se ha registrado una agregación familiar para el TAP en la que el 40-50% de la varianza puede ser explicada por influencias genéticas. La mayoría de los estudios de genética molecular en el TAP se han realizado utilizando la hipótesis basada en los estudios de asociación con genes candidatos, enfocándose en los genes relacionados a vías de neurotransmisión, siendo uno de los más relevantes, hasta el momento, el gen para la monoamino oxidasa (MAOA). Aquellos genes que promueven que cierta conducta exista entre los individuos debieron haberse elegido a través del proceso de la selección natural. De manera similar a otros comportamientos que tienen orígenes evolutivos, los comportamientos agresivos también deben ser codificados en los genes, que a la postre serán transmitidos a la descendencia.


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