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FRAGMENTO

El mercurio metálico se ha utilizado durante décadas en termómetros y tensiómetros, en el escenario de la atención de la salud. El mercurio se encuentra en forma natural en la corteza terrestre y se libera durante las erupciones volcánicas, y como subproducto de las actividades humanas, tales como la combustión del carbón, la minería y el refinamiento de los metales.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

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2. Parati G, Mendis S, Abegunde D, Asmar R, Mieke S, Murray A, et al. Recommendati ons for blood pressure measuring devices for offi ce/clinic use in low resource setti ngs. Blood Press Monit. 2005;10(1):3-10.

3. Parati G, Kilama MO, Faini A, Facelli E, Ochen K, Opira C, et al. A new solar-powered blood pressure measuring device for low-resource setti ngs. Hypertension. 2010;56(6):1047-53.

4. Karliner J. Toward the ti pping point: WHO–HCWH global initi ati ve to substi tute mercury-based medical devices in health care, a two-year progress report. Geneva: World Health Organizati on: Health Care Without Harm; 2010. [En línea] (htt p://www.mercuryfreehealthcare. org//Toward_the_Tipping_Point.pdf) [Consultado 15/12/2012].

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8. Health Canada Mercury Issues Task Group. Mercury: your health and the environment. A resource tool. Ott awa: Health Canada; 2004. [En línea] http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/ contaminants/mercur/index-eng.php [Consultado].

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10. United States Environmental Protecti on Agency; Treatment technologies for mercury in soil, waste, and water. Washington DC: U.S. Environmental Protecti on Agency, 2007. [En línea] htt p:// www.epa.gov/tio/download/remed/542r07003.pdf [Consultado 21/12/2012].

11. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Toxicological profile for mercury. 2. Health effects. Washington DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1999. [En línea] http://www. atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp46-c2.pdf [Consultado 18/12/ 2012].

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13. Trasande L, Landrigan PJ, Schechter C. Public health and economic consequences of methyl mercury toxicity to the developing brain. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113(5):590-6.

14. Sustainable Hospitals Project. Selecti ng non-mercury thermometers. [En línea] (http://www.sustainablehospitals.org/HTMLSrc/ IP_Merc_FTNonmerc.html. [Consultado 18/12/2012].

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16. Fadzil FM, Choon D, Arumugam K. A comparati ve study on the accuracy of noninvasive thermometers. Aust Fam Physician. 2010;39(4):237-9.

17. Lowe JC. Axillary electronic and galinstan thermometer measurements: A comparison of their consistency. Thyroid Science. 2009;4(3):CLS1-9.

18. Crawford DC, Hicks B, Thompson MJ. Which thermometer? Factors infl uencing best choice for intermitt ent clinical temperature assessment. J Med Eng Technol. 2006;30(4):199-211.

19. Guidance on the cleanup, temporary or intermediate storage, and transport of mercury waste from healthcare faciliti es. United Nati ons Development Programme, United Nati ons Development Programme, Global Environment Facility Global Healthcare Waste Project; 2010.

20. Clinical thermometers—Part 3: Performance of compact electrical thermometers (non-predicti ve and predicti ve) with maximum device. European Standard EN 12470-3:2000+A1, June 2009.

21. Standard specifi cati on for electronic thermometer for intermittent determinati on of pati ent temperature. ASTM E1112-00, reapproved 2006. See also ASTM E1104 related to clinical thermometer probe covers and sheaths.

22. Standard specifi cati on for phase change-type disposable fever thermometer for intermitt ent determinati on of human temperature. ASTM E825-98 (reapproved 2009).

23. Clinical thermometers—Part 5: Performance of infra-red ear thermometers (with maximum device). European Norm EN 12470- 5:2003.

24. Standard specifi cati on for infrared thermometers for intermitt ent determinati on of pati ent temperature. ASTM E1965-98 (reapproved 2009).

25. Medical electrical equipment—Part 1-2: General requirements for basic safety and essenti al performance; Collateral standard: Electromagneti c compati bility—requirements and tests. European Norm EN 60601-1.

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27. Standards for safety, medical and dental equipment, UL 544. Northbrook, IL, Underwriters Laboratories. This UL standard has since been superseded by Medical electrical equipment—Part 1: General requirements for safety, UL 60601-1, and its subsequent revisions, Underwriters Laboratories, 25 April 2003.

28. World Health Organizati on. Aff ordable technology: blood pressure measuring devices for lowresource setti ngs. Geneva: WHO; 2005.

29. Scienti fi c Committ ee on Emerging and Newly Identi fi ed Health Risks SCENIHR. Mercury sphygmomanometers in healthcare and the feasibility of alternati ves. Directorate General for Health and Consumers, European Commission; 2009.

30. Williams B, Poulter NR, Brown MJ, Davis M, McInnes GT, Pott er JF, et al. Guidelines for management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the Briti sh Hypertension Society, 2004- BHS IV. J Hum Hypertens. 2004;18(3):139-85.

31. Pickering TG, Hall JE, Appel LJ, Falkner BE, Graves J, Hill MN, et al. Recommendati ons for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals: Part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans: a statement for professionals from the Subcommitt ee of Professional and Public Educati on of the American Heart Associati on Council on High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension. 2005;45(1):142-61.

32. Coleman AJ, Steel SD, Ashworth M, Vowler SL, Shennan A. Accuracy of the pressure scale of sphygmomanometers in clinical use within primary care. Blood Press Monit. 2005;10(4):181-8.

33. O’Brien E, Waeber B, Parati G, Staessen J, Myers MG. Blood pressure measuring devices: recommendati ons of the European Society of Hypertension. BMJ. 2001;322(7285):531-6.

34. O’Brien E, Pickering T, Asmar R, Myers M, Parati G, Staessen J, et al. Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring of the European Society of Hypertension Internati onal Protocol for validati on of blood pressure measuring devices in adults. Blood Press Monit. 2002;7(1):3-17.

35. Wan Y, Heneghan C, Stevens R, McManus RJ, Ward A, Perera R, et al. Determining which automati c digital blood pressure device performs adequately: a systemati c review. J Hum Hypertens. 2010;24(7):431-8.

36. Sampling procedures for inspecti on by att ributes—Part 2: Sampling plans indexed by limiti ng quality (LQ) for isolated lot inspecti on. ISO 2859-2:1985.

37. Galligan C, Morose G, Giordani J. An investi gati on of alternati ve to mercury containing products. Lowell, Massachusett s: Lowell Center for Sustainable Producti on, University of Massachusett s; 2003.