medigraphic.com

2013, Número 2

<< Anterior

Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2013; 51 (2)


Guía de práctica clínica. Prescripción farmacológica en el adulto mayor

Peralta-Pedrero ML, Valdivia-Ibarra FJ, Hernández-Manzano M, Medina-Beltrán GR, Cordero-Guillén MÁ, Baca-Zúñiga J, Cruz-Avelar A, Aguilar-Salas I, Ávalos-Mejíai AM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 66
Paginas: 228-239
Archivo PDF: 132.70 Kb.


RESUMEN

El proceso de prescribir un medicamento incluye decirdir si está indicado, elegir el mejor, determinar una dosis y un esquema de administración adecuados a la condición fisiológica del paciente, el seguimiento de la efi cacia y toxicidad. Debe informarse a los pacientes sobre los efectos secundarios esperados y las indicaciones para solicitar la consulta. Para la elaboración de esta guía se formularon preguntas clínicas específi cas, con base en el acrónimo PICOST. La búsqueda se realizó en los sitios web específi cos de guías de práctica clínica, en inglés o español, y se limitó a la población de adultos mayores. Se usaron 10 guías de práctica clínica relacionadas, ocho revisiones sistemáticas y cinco metaanálisis. Por último, se realizó una búsqueda de artículos originales o revisiones clínicas para aspectos específi cos. La elaboración y validación de una guía de práctica clínica para “prescripción farmacológica razonada en el adulto mayor” tiene el propósito de promover una mejora en la calidad de la prescripción médica, mediante la prevención y detección de la prescripción inapropiada en el anciano y como resultado de esto disminuir los eventos adversos originados por fármacos, el deterioro de la salud de los pacientes y el gasto no justifi cado de los recursos.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Ferner RE, Aronson JK. Communicating information about drug safety. BMJ. 2006;333(7559):143-5. Doi: 10.1136/bmj.333.7559

  2. Hajjar ER, Cafi ero AC, Hanlon JT. Polypharmacy in elderly patients. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2007; 5(4):345-51.

  3. Department of Health. Medicines and older people: implementing medicines-related aspects of the National Service Framework for Older People. [Internet]. London: Department of Health; 2001. [Consultado en mayo de 2001].

  4. Jyrkkä J, Enlund H, Korhonen M, Sulkava R, Hartikainen S. Polypharmacy status as an indicator of mortality in an elderly population. Drugs Aging. 2009;26(12):1039-48.

  5. Field TS, Gurwitz JH, Avorn J, McCormick D, Jain S, Eckler M, et al. Risk factors for adverse drug events among nursing home residents. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(13):1629-34.

  6. Rochon PA. Drug prescribing for older adults. 2012. [Internet]. Disponible en http://www.uptodate.com/ contents/drug-prescribing-for-olderadults?source= search_result &selectedTitle=1%7E1

  7. Gill SS, Mamdani M, Naglie G, Streiner DL, Bronskill SE, Kopp A, et al. A prescribing cascade involving cholinesterase inhibitors and anticholinergic drugs. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(7):808-13.

  8. Grymonpre R, Ogilvie R, Rochon P. Cardiovascular drug therapy improving benefi ts and reducing risks in the older adult. [Internet]. 2002. Disponible en http://www.ccs.ca/download/consensus_conference/ consensus_conference_archives/2002_08.pdf

  9. Higashi T, Shekelle PG, Solomon DH, Knight EL, Roth C, Chang JT, et al. The quality of pharmacologic care for vulnerable older patients. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140(9):714-20.

  10. Tinetti ME, Bogardus ST Jr, Agostini JV. Potential pitfalls of disease-specifi c guidelines for patients with multiple conditions. N Engl J Med. 2004;351 (27):2870-4.

  11. Soumerai SB, Pierre-Jacques M, Zhang F, Ross- Degnan D, Adams AS, Gurwitz J, et al. Cost-related medication nonadherence among elderly and disabled Medicare benefi ciaries: a national survey 1 year before the Medicare drug benefi t. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(17):1829-35.

  12. Delgado-Silveira E, Muñoz-García M, Montero- Errasquin B, Sánchez-Castellano C, Gallagher PF,Cruz-Jentoft AJ, et al. Prescripción inapropiada de medicamentos en los pacientes mayores: los criterios STOPP/START. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2009;44(5):273-9.

  13. Mattison M, Marcantonio E. Hospital management of older adults. [Internet]. [Consultado en 2012]. Disponible en www.uptodate.com

  14. Onder G, Pedone C, Landi F, Cesari M, Della Vedova C, Bernabei R, et al. Adverse drug reactions as cause of hospital admissions: results from the Italian Group of Pharmacoepidemiology in the Elderly (GIFA). J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(12):1962-8.

  15. Beijer HJ, de Blaey CJ. Hospitalizations caused by adverse drug reactions (ADR): a meta-analysis of observational studies. Pharm World Sci. 2002; 24(2):46-54.

  16. Pirmohamed M, James S, Meakin S, Green C, Scott AK, Walley TJ, et al. Adverse drug reactions as cause of admission to hospital: prospective analysis of 18 820 patients. BMJ. 2004;329(7456):15-29. Texto libre en http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC443443/

  17. Lisby M, Nielsen LP, Mainz J. Errors in the medication process: frequency, type, and potential. Int J Qual Health Care. 2005;17(1):15-22.

  18. Fialová D, Onder G. Medication errors in elderly people: contributing factors and future perspectives. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;67(6):641-5. Texto libre en http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC2723202/

  19. Mallet L, Spinewine A, Huang A. The challenge of managing drug interactions in elderly people. Prescribing in elderly people. Lancet. 2007;370 (9582):185-91.

  20. Qato DM, Alexander GC, Conti RM, Johnson M, Schumm P, Lindau ST. Use of prescription and overthe- counter medications and dietary supplements among older adults in the United States. JAMA 2008;300(24):2867-78.

  21. Nahin RL, Pecha M, Welmerink DB, Sink K, DeKosky ST, Fitzpatrick AL, et al. Concomitant use of prescription drugs and dietary supplements in ambulatory elderly people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009; 57(7):1197-205.

  22. Colalto C. Herbal interactions on absorption of drugs: mechanisms of action and clinical risk assessment. Pharmacol Res. 2010;62(3):207-27.

  23. Gershon A, Croxford R, To T, Stanbrook MB, Upshur R, Sánchez-Romeu P, et al. Comparison of inhaled long-acting β-agonist and anticholinergic effectiveness in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154(9):583-92.

  24. Carrière I, Fourrier-Reglat A, Dartigues JF, Rouaud O, Pasquier F, Ritchie K, et al. Drugs with anticholinergic properties, cognitive decline, and dementia in an elderly general population: the 3-city study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(14):1317-24. Texto libre en http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2 933398/

  25. Cancelli I, Gigli G, Piani A, Zanchettin B, Janes F, Rinaldi A, et al. Drugs with anticholinergic properties as a risk factor for cognitive impairment in elderly people. A population-based study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008;28(6):654-9.

  26. Chew ML, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, Lehman ME, Greenspan A, Mahmoud RA, et al. Anticholinergic activity of 107 medications commonly used by older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(7):1333-41.

  27. Jeste DV, Blazer D, Casey D, Meeks T, Salzman C, Schneider L, et al. ACNP White Paper: update on use of antipsychotic drugs in elderly persons with dementia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008;33(5):957-70. Texto libre en http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2553721/

  28. Ensrud KE, Blackwell TL, Mangione CM, Bowman PJ, Whooley MA, Bauer DC, et al. Central nervous system-active medications and risk for falls in older women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(10):1629-37.

  29. Benzodiazepine Committee. Benzodiazepines: good practice guidelines for clinicians. [Internet]. Dublin: Department of Health and Children an Roinn Sláinte Agus Leanai; 2002. [Consultado en mayo de 2012].

  30. Kiel PD. Falls in older persons: risk factors and patient evaluation. [Internet]. [Consultado en mayo de 2012]. Disponible en http://www.uptodate.com/ contents/falls-in-older-persons-risk-factors-andpatient- evaluation

  31. Frank RG, Conti RM, Goldman HH. Mental health policy and psychotropic drugs. Milbank Q. 2005;83 (2):271-98.

  32. Richards JB, Papaioannou A, Adachi JD, Joseph L, Whitson HE, Prior JC, et al. Effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the risk of fracture. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(2):188-94.

  33. Fabian TJ, Amico JA, Kroboth PD, Mulsant BH, Corey SE, Begley AE, et al. Paroxetine-induced hyponatremia in older adults: a 12-week prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(3):327-9.

  34. Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Kopp A, Redelmeier DA. The risk of suicide with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the elderly. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(5):813-21.

  35. Espinoza RT, Unützer J. Diagnosis and management of late-life depression. [Internet]. 2012. [Consultado en mayo de 2012]. Disponible en http://www. uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-and-management -of-late-life-depression/contributors

  36. Smith S. Gender differences in antipsychotic prescribing. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2010; 22(5):472-84.

  37. Al Jurdi RK, Marangell LB, Petersen NJ, Martínez M, Gyulai L, Sajatovic M, et al. Prescription patterns of psychotropic medications in elderly compared with younger participants who achieved a "recovered" status in the systematic treatment enhancement program for bipolar disorder. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008;16(11):922-33. Texto libre en http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2630050/

  38. Sajatovic M, Calabrese JR, Mullen J. Quetiapine for the treatment of bipolar mania in older adults. Bipolar Disord. 2008;10(6):662-71.

  39. Sajatovic M, Chen P. Geriatric bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2011;34(2):319-21.

  40. Aziz R, Lorberg B, Tampi RR. Treatments for latelife bipolar disorder. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2006;4(4):347-9.

  41. Sajatovic M, Fenn H, Chen P, Dines P, Schlachet R. Treatment considerations in elderly bipolar patients. Clinical Approaches in Bipolar Disorder. 2007;6 (2):54-8.

  42. Sajatovic M. Treatment of bipolar disorder in older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002;17(9):865-73.

  43. Sajatovic M, Kales HC. Diagnosis and management of bipolar disorder with comorbid anxiety in the elderly. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67 (Suppl 1):21-7.

  44. Goldstein R, Mascitelli L, Pezzetta F. Cholesterol, statins, and mortality. Lancet. 2008;371(9619):1161.

  45. Glynn RJ, Koening W, Wolfgang K, Nordestgaard BG, Shepherd J, Ridker PM. Rosuvastatin for primary prevention in older individuals with high C-reactive protein and low LDL levels: exploratory analysis of a randomized trial. Ann Inter Med. 2008;152(8):488- 96. Texto libre en http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC2946369/

  46. Prospective Studies Collaboration; Lewington S, Whitlock G, Clarke R, Sherliker P, Emberson J, et al. Blood cholesterol and mortality age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55000 vascular deaths. Lancet. 2007;370(9602):1829-39.

  47. Ridker P, Danielson D, Fonseca F, Genest J, Gotto, A Jr, Kastelein JJ, et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular event in men and women elevate C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(21):2195-207.

  48. Molden E, Skovlund E, Braathen P. Risk management of simvastatin or atorvastatin interactions with CYP3A4 inhibitors. Drug Saf. 2008;31(7):587-96.

  49. Nakamura H, Arakawa K, Itakura H, Kitabatake A, Goto Y, Toyota T, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with pravastatin in Japan (MEGA Study): a prospective randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;368:1155-63.

  50. Saab AK, Petrina M, Kline-Rogers E, Fang J, Otten R, Mukherjee D, et al. Early statins therapy in the elderly patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome causing less heart failure. Indian Hearth J. 2006;58(4):321-4.

  51. Navaneethan SD, Pansini F, Perkovic V, Manno C, Pellegrini F, Johnson DW, et al. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(2):CD007784.

  52. Muldoon MF, Barger SD, Ryan CM, Flory JD, Lehoczky JP, Matthews KA, et al. Effect of lovastatin on cognitive function and fi siological well-being. Am J Med. 2000;108(7):538-46.

  53. Li G, Higdon R, Kukull WA, Peskind E, Van Valen Moore K, Tsuang D, et al. Statin therapy and risk of dementia in the elderly: a community-based prospective cohort study. Neurology. 2004;63(9):1624-28.

  54. American Geriatrics Society Panel on the Pharmacological Management of Persistent Pain in Older Persons. Pharmacological management of persistent pain in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009; 57(8):1331-46.

  55. Locke GR 3rd, Pemberton JH, Phillips SF. American Gastroenterological. Association Medical Position Statement: guidelines on constipation. Gastroenterology. 2000;119 (6):1761-66.

  56. Hsieh C. Treatment of constipation in older adults. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72(11):2277-84.

  57. Folden SL. Practice guidelines for the management of constipation in adults. [Internet]. Illinois: Rehabilitation Nursing Foundation; 2002. [Consultado en mayo de 2012]. Disponible en http://www.rehabnurse. org/pdf/BowelGuideforWEB.pdf

  58. Bosshard W, Dreher R, Schnegg JF, Büla CJ. The treatment of chronic constipation in elderly. An update. Drugs Aging. 2004;21(14):911-30.

  59. Neumiller JJ, Setter SM, Pharmacologic management of the older patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2009;7(6):324-42.

  60. Brown AF, Mangione CM, Saliba D, Sarkisian CA; California Healthcare Foundation/American Geriatrics Society Panel on Improving Care for Elders with Diabetes. Guidelines for improving the care of the older person with diabetes mellitus. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(5):S265-80.

  61. McCulloch, DK, Munshi M. Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly patient. [Internet]. 2011. [Consultado en mayo de 2012].

  62. Zhan C, Sangl J, Bierman AS, Miller MR, Friedman B, Wickizer SW, et al. Potentially inappropriate medication use in the community-dwelling elderly: fi ndings from the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. JAMA. 2001;286(22):2823-9.

  63. Tanwani LK. Insulin therapy in the elderly patient with diabetes. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2011;9 (1):24-36.

  64. Hackam DG, Khan NA, Hemmelgarn BR, Rabkin SW, Touyz RM, Campbell NR, et al. The 2010 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for the management of hypertension: Part 2-therapy. Can J Cardiol. 2010;26(5):249-58. Texto libre en http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC2886555/

  65. Shekelle PG, MacLean CH, Morton SC, Wenger NS. Acove quality indicators. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135(8 Pt 2):653-67.

  66. American Geriatrics Society 2012 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society updated Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(4):616-31.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com