Redondo GZA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 32
Paginas: 210-221
Archivo PDF: 252.18 Kb.

RESUMEN

Introducción: la combinación de ketamina con morfina disminuye tanto el dolor como el consumo de esta última durante el período postoperatorio. Sin embargo la dosis óptima y la duración de la ketamina aún están por determinar.
Objetivos: evaluar el efecto de la administración de ketamina en el consumo postoperatorio de morfina, reducción del dolor, y efectos adversos de la ketamina en la cirugía abdominal mayor.
Método: se realizó un estudio prospectivo, aleatorio, doble ciego, en 75 pacientes programados para cirugía abdominal mayor divididos en tres grupos: (1) Grupo PERI: recibió ketamina intraoperatoria y postoperatoria 48 horas después de la cirugía (2 ìg/kg/min después de un bolo de 0,5 mg/kg); (2) Grupo INTRA: recibió solamente ketamina en el intraoperatorio (2 ìg/kg/min después de un bolo de 0.5 mg/kg); (3) Grupo CTRL: recibió placebo. Se evaluó el consumo de morfina, la escala análoga visual y los efectos adversos en las primeras 48 horas.
Resultados: el consumo acumulativo de morfina 24 horas después del proceder anestésico quirúrgico fue significativamente menor en el grupo PERI (27 mg ± 17) que en el INTRA (48 mg ± 40,5) y en CTRL (50 mg ± 22) [p ‹ 0.005]. La escala análoga visual fue significativamente menor en los grupos PERI e INTRA que en el CTRL (p ‹ 0.002). Una mayor incidencia de náuseas se observó en el grupo CTRL comparado con el PERI (41 % vs. 8 %, [p = 0.005]).
Conclusiones: bajas dosis de ketamina mejora la analgesia postoperatoria con una disminución del consumo de morfina cuando es administrada por 48 horas en el postoperatorio con baja incidencia de efectos adversos.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

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