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ISSN 0016-3813 (Impreso)

2013, Número 6

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Gac Med Mex 2013; 149 (6)


Diferenciación neuroendocrina en adenocarcinoma de próstata

Ramírez-Balderrama L, López-Briones S, Daza-Benítez L, Macías MH, López-Gaytán T, Pérez-Vázquez V

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 639-645
Archivo PDF: 222.60 Kb.


RESUMEN

La próstata es una glándula compuesta por diferentes tipos celulares y componentes extracelulares con funciones definidas. El compartimento estromal incluye tejido nervioso, fibroblastos, linfocitos, macrófagos, células endoteliales (CE) y músculo liso. El compartimento epitelial está compuesto de células epiteliales luminales, basales y neuroendocrinas, escasas en número pero importantes en la regulación del crecimiento, diferenciación y función secretora. En el adenocarcinoma prostático, las células neuroendocrinas se multiplican en los casos de alto grado y en estadios avanzados, especialmente aquellos tratados hormonalmente que adquieren resistencia al tratamiento supresor hormonal. Los receptores androgénicos intervienen en la génesis tumoral del adenocarcinoma prostático. El tratamiento supresor hormonal inhibe los receptores androgénicos en el epitelio prostático. Las células neuroendocrinas carecen de estos receptores, su crecimiento es independiente y el tratamiento supresor hormonal no elimina las células neoplásicas neuroendocrinas, por el contrario proliferan después de la terapia y establecen una red paracrina estimulando la proliferación de células neoplásicas independientes de andrógenos y conducen a recurrencia tumoral. En este trabajo describimos la función de las células neuroendocrinas en tejido normal, así como en adenocarcinoma prostático, incluyendo la estimulación de la proliferación neoplásica, invasión, resistencia a la apoptosis y angiogénesis, y describimos algunas vías moleculares involucradas en la diferenciación neuroendocrina.


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