2013, Número 2
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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2013; 16 (2)
Hongos endófitos: fuente potencial de metabolitos secundarios bioactivos con utilidad en agricultura y medicina
Sánchez-Fernández RE, Sánchez-Ortiz BL, Sandoval-Espinosa YKM, Ulloa-Benítez Á, Armendáriz-Guillén B, García-Méndez MC, Macías-Rubalcava ML
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 99
Paginas: 132-146
Archivo PDF: 710.07 Kb.
RESUMEN
Los hongos endófitos habitan en las plantas sin causar síntomas aparentes de enfermedad. La estrecha
relación que existe entre el endófito y su planta hospedera se considera de gran importancia, ya que el
hongo es capaz de producir metabolitos bioactivos, así como modificar los mecanismos de defensa de
su hospedera, permitiendo e incrementando la sobrevivencia de ambos organismos. Estudios recientes
demuestran la enorme capacidad que tienen los hongos endófitos para producir compuestos activos que
le confieren protección a su hospedera contra el ataque de patógenos y herbívoros, constituyendo una
nueva vía para la obtención de diversos precursores o moléculas novedosas de utilidad en la agricultura
y en la medicina. En este trabajo se describen diferentes aspectos relacionados con los hongos endófitos,
abarcando su definición, descubrimiento, clasificación, interacción con su hospedera, papel ecológico,
ejemplos de metabolitos secundarios bioactivos, así como estrategias metodológicas para su obtención.
Por último, se presentan algunos resultados recientes, de estudios realizados en nuestro grupo de trabajo
mostrando que los hongos endófitos son una fuente potencial de metabolitos secundarios bioactivos.
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