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2013, Número 5

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Gac Med Mex 2013; 149 (5)


Aspectos generales de la inervación pulmonar

Arreola-Ramírez JL, Morales-Hernández PE, Falcón-Rodríguez CI, Segura-Medina P

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 33
Paginas: 502-508
Archivo PDF: 105.16 Kb.


RESUMEN

Prácticamente todos los órganos del sistema respiratorio se encuentran bajo el control del sistema nervioso autónomo (SNA). La doble inervación vegetativa, simpática y parasimpática, contribuye a la regulación tónica del músculo liso de las vías aéreas, modula las secreciones de las glándulas submucosas. Sin embargo, hace más de 20 años, la visión clásica de una inervación colinérgica excitatoria y una adrenérgica inhibitoria cambió considerablemente, al demostrarse la existencia del sistema no adrenérgico-no colinérgico (NANC), el cual es capaz de producir ambos efectos. Varias purinas y péptidos han sido postulados como neurotransmisores de este sistema; algunos de ellos coexisten con la acetilcolina o noradrenalina, por ejemplo, el péptido intestinal vasoactivo (VIP) en los nervios colinérgicos y el neuropéptido Y en los nervios adrenérgicos.
En este trabajo se pretende describir los aspectos anatomofisiológicos de la inervación autónoma de las vías aéreas y la posible implicación de un mecanismo neuronal que contribuya en el desarrollo de la sintomatología en enfermedades respiratorias.


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