2013, Número 3
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Rev Cubana Plant Med 2013; 18 (3)
Efecto de la fermentación sobre la actividad antioxidante de diferentes clones de cacao colombiano
Zapata BS, Tamayo TA, Alberto RB
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 38
Paginas: 391-404
Archivo PDF: 145.10 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción: el cacao es una de las principales fuentes de polifenoles. Estos
compuestos se encuentran relacionados con la actividad antioxidante y las
características organolépticas del cacao y sus subproductos. Durante el
procesamiento, los granos de cacao son sometidos a diferentes etapas que pueden
afectar el contenido de esos metabolitos, pero que son cruciales para el desarrollo de
la calidad organoléptica. Una de estas etapas es la fermentación.
Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la fermentación sobre el contenido de metabolitos
secundarios y la actividad antioxidante en 5 clones de cacao cultivados en Colombia.
Métodos: en los clones estudiados se determinó el contenido de fenoles totales,
antocianinas totales y taninos condensados, mediante métodos espectrofotométricos;
así como catequina, epicatequina, teobromina y cafeína por cromatografía líquida de
alta resolución. La capacidad antioxidante se evaluó mediante las metodologías del
DPPH. (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (
ferric reducing antioxidant power),
ORAC (
oxygen radical antioxidant capacity) y la capacidad atrapadora de radicales
superóxido.
Resultados: el efecto de la fermentación sobre los clones de cacao no fue uniforme,
observándose tanto cambios positivos como negativos en los contenidos de los diversos
metabolitos secundarios y la actividad antioxidante, en dependencia de la variedad.
Sin embargo, los cambios en la actividad antioxidante expresada como TEAC (
trolox
equivalent antioxidant capacity) DPPH están correlacionados con los diversos cambios
en el contenido de fenoles totales durante el proceso de fermentación y descritos por
la expresión siguiente: ΔDPPH= 6,36099*Δfenoles+5,10923, con r
2= 0,982.
Conclusiones: la fermentación afecta el potencial antioxidante de los clones de
cacao, lo cual es importante para el desarrollo de las propiedades organolépticas de
los productos finales.
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