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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2010, Número 1

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2010; 11 (1)


Neurociencia y terapéutica actual de las adicciones

Souza MM, Cruz ML

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 76
Paginas: 33-38
Archivo PDF: 59.39 Kb.


RESUMEN

Datos internacionales que ubican la gravedad epidemiológica del problema, recomiendan realizar evaluaciones clínicas completas a los pacientes abusadores/adictos a psicotrópicos y el uso de instrumentos diagnósticos, cuya eficiencia los hace elementos útiles en ciertas patologías cerebrales. Se describe la neuroanatomía-fisiología de las zonas involucradas en la producción de la patología adictiva como centro del manejo y rehabilitación a largo plazo. Se indica el papel de las estructuras corticales frontales en la conducta humana cuya alteración inhabilita al individuo para evaluar el potencial de recompensa relacionado con la automedicación. Se enfatiza la participación imagenológica en el diagnóstico y manejo de estos trastornos, técnicas que lo hacen sobre él sin invadirlo y donde la identificación de los mecanismos neurobioquímicos subyacentes es decisiva. Se destacan los recursos psicoterapéuticos para una mejor rehabilitación prolongada que se suma la utilidad informativo-educativa a pacientes y familiares. La sinergia farmacológica, psicológica y asesoría profesional favorece las más altas tasa de abstinencia y prevención de recaídas en trastornos como la adicción a nicotina, que junto con los apoyos psicosociales alcanzan la meta de remisión pronta del consumo y mantenimiento sostenido de la abstinencia. La participación del personal de salud en la educación de pacientes y familiares da fuerza al trabajo profesional y coadyuva a la difusión de las recomendaciones de salud formuladas al efecto, como refuerzo del manejo individualizado de los casos, cuya calidad y calidez contribuye a la disminución del estigma social debido a la ignorancia e incomprensión de estos padecimientos.


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