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RESUMEN

La determinación del peso corporal es un tema de debate científico; la relativa estabilidad del peso corporal por períodos largos de tiempo hace suponer que quizá existe un control que lo regula estrechamente. La teoría del “Punto establecido” (Set Point) refiere que el peso corporal se establece biológicamente por un sistema homeostático que modula la alimentación y gasto energético para mantenerlo en un nivel determinado. Otra teoría es la de cambios ambientales, mencionando que la actual epidemia de obesidad se asocia principalmente a esos cambios. Diversos agentes obesigénicos ambientales facilitan un balance de energía positivo inductor de ganancia de peso; la falta de compensación biológica en el huésped para corregir este error energético es el principal argumento para modificar la concepción de que la biología estrictamente determina la alimentación. La teoría alternativa “Zona de establecimiento” (Settling Zone Point) hace alusión a una regulación no-biológica de la ingestión de alimentos, donde el ambiente regula las conductas alimentarias que establecen el peso corporal en una zona determinada biológicamente. El impacto de esta teoría radica en que cambiar el ambiente en lugar de la biología es quizá una mejor estrategia para combatir la obesidad.

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