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2013, Número 3

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AMC 2013; 17 (3)


Revisión sistemática de los efectos del hábito de fumar invertido sobre la mucosa oral

Ardila MCM, Jiménez GR, Álvarez ME

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 39
Paginas: 336-346
Archivo PDF: 63.31 Kb.


RESUMEN

Fundamento: se ha postulado que el hábito de fumar invertido intensifica la severidad de las enfermedades de la mucosa bucal y expone a las personas a riesgos severos en la salud oral.
Objetivo: revisar la literatura científica acerca de las enfermedades de la mucosa oral asociadas con el hábito de fumar invertido.
Método: se realizó una revisión sistemática de investigaciones observacionales y experimentales publicadas en las bases de datos Medline-Pubmed y SCIELO desde 1960 hasta 2012. Se utilizaron términos en diferentes combinaciones: nicotinic stomatitis, reverse smoking, reverse smokers, oral cancer, oral premalignant lesions y tobacco. Se excluyeron las series de casos, resultados duplicados debido a las combinaciones de los términos de búsqueda, datos no disponibles, cartas al editor y revisiones históricas.
Desarrollo: se detectó en todos los estudios revisados que el hábito de fumar invertido es más frecuente en mujeres que en hombres. Doce investigaciones mostraron asociación entre el hábito de fumar invertido y carcinoma del paladar duro o tumores microinvasivos. Se observó que los fumadores invertidos tienen muchas más probabilidades de presentar parches y áreas rojas en el paladar, además de leucoplasias y carcinomas. El riesgo estimado de presentar carcinoma del paladar duro fue 132 veces mayor en mujeres con el hábito de fumar invertido. Las tasas de mortalidad ajustadas por edad fueron casi dos veces más altas para los fumadores invertidos en comparación con aquellas personas que no fumaban.
Conclusiones: el hábito de fumar invertido está asociado con el cáncer oral y con otras enfermedades avanzadas de la mucosa bucal. Se deben realizar estudios de intervención para tratar de persuadir a las poblaciones acerca del abandono de los hábitos de tabaquismo.


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