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2013, Número 1

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Vet Mex 2013; 44 (1)


El incremento gradual de CO2 en la primera mitad de la incubación, con cambio posterior de la presión de O2, modifica la trayectoria de incubación del pollo de engorda

García HJ, Juárez EMA, López CS

Idioma: Español/Inglés
Referencias bibliográficas: 42
Paginas: 1-16
Archivo PDF: 233.21 Kb.


RESUMEN

Se implementó ventilación restringida (VR) para obtener un aumento gradual de CO2 durante los primeros 10 días del desarrollo embrionario (DE) en dos estudios con huevos fértiles de aves reproductoras pesadas (Ross 308) de 30 y 45 semanas de edad. En el primer estudio se formaron dos grupos: VR y ventilación estándar (V). El grupo VR al día 10 del DE mostró 11 600 ppm de [CO2], con 48% de incubabilidad, mayor a las 2 100 ppm de CO2 y 41% de incubabilidad del grupo V. Los pollitos del grupo VR fueron más largos y pesados. En el segundo estudio, los grupos fueron: ventilación restringida media (VRM) y ventilación restringida alta (VRA). Al momento de la transferencia se efectuó una perforación de 1.3 mm en la cámara de aire, los grupos se subdividieron en cascarón sin perforar (CSP) y cascarón perforado (CP). El grupo VRM mostró 15 000 ppm de [CO2] y el VRA 17 000 ppm, con 82% y 77% de incubabilidad, respectivamente. La hipercapnia inducida en la etapa temprana del DE favorece los parámetros de incubación, el peso y la longitud de los pollitos. En gallinas de 45 semanas de edad se determinó un perfil óptimo de incubación a gran altitud sobre el nivel del mar, con límite de 15 000 ppm para [CO2]. La perforación en el cascarón disminuye la mortalidad en la etapa de inicio de la respiración pulmonar; sin embargo, debe lograrse el equilibrio hídrico de los embriones, además de considerar la altitud sobre el nivel del mar y el grado de k = conductancia del cascarón, ya que estos factores son clave para una óptima presión parcial de [O2] y [CO2] antes y durante la eclosión.


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