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Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México

2013, Número 3

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Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2013; 70 (3)


Cardiomiopatía inducida por taquicardia en niños y adolescentes

Velázquez-Rodríguez E, Rodríguez-Piña H, Pacheco-Bouthillier A, Deras-Mejía LM, Jiménez-Arteaga S, Martínez-Sánchez A, Yáñez-Gutiérrez L, David-Gómez F , Alva-Espinoza C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 58
Paginas: 234-247
Archivo PDF: 622.32 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción. La cardiomiopatía dilatada idiopática es la forma más común de cardiomiopatía en niños; sin embargo, ocasionalmente son identificadas causas potencialmente reversibles. Entre estas existe un grupo de pacientes con manifestaciones de insuficiencia cardiaca y taquicardia persistente que representan una forma de cardiomiopatía no familiar adquirida conocida como cardiomiopatía inducida por taquicardia o taquicardiomiopatía, que es reversible con el tratamiento efectivo de la taquicardia. Estos pacientes pueden ser mal diagnosticados y tratados de forma inapropiada. El diagnóstico frecuentemente es tardío, por lo que debe sospecharse en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca y taquicardia persistente sin causa aparente.
Casos clínicos. Se describen seis casos de pacientes pediátricos de 6 a 16 años (media de edad 12 ± 4 años) que se presentaron con manifestaciones clínicas de insuficiencia cardiaca. Tuvieron seguimiento por una forma de cardiomiopatía dilatada en los que se documentaron diferentes mecanismos de taquiarritmia persistente como la causa. El tratamiento apropiado —mediante ablación con catéter— condujo a la recuperación de la función ventricular.
Conclusiones. Es importante el reconocimiento de la cardiomiopatía inducida por taquiarritmia en pediatría. También es necesario un diagnóstico oportuno así como un tratamiento eficaz, ya que la cardiomiopatía inducida por taquicardia es una causa reversible de insuficiencia cardiaca.


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