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2013, Número 2

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Rev Mex Anest 2013; 36 (2)


Hipomagnesemia en el perioperatorio. Conceptos actuales

Ballesteros-Flores CG, Garrido-Aguirre E, Carrillo-Esper R, Nava-López JA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 44
Paginas: 114-118
Archivo PDF: 89.97 Kb.


RESUMEN

Propósito: Análisis bibliográfico sobre los principales aspectos de hipomagnesemia en el período perioperatorio. Obtención de datos: Revisión de la literatura médica en idioma inglés. Selección de artículos: Se seleccionaron los artículos más relevantes sobre hipomagnesemia. Extracción de datos. Se revisó la literatura médica internacional durante el período 2011 al 2012 de los estudios de investigación. Resultados: El magnesio (Mg2+) es el segundo catión intracelular más abundante y el cuarto a nivel extracelular. La hipomagnesemia es frecuente en pacientes hospitalizados (12%) y en estado crítico (60%); coexiste con otros desórdenes electrolíticos. La etiología es multifactorial. Las manifestaciones clínicas pueden ser: a) neurológicas con convulsiones, vértigo, nistagmus, afasia, hemiparesia; b) neuromusculares con signos de Chvostek, Trousseau, tetania, fasciculaciones y calambres musculares; c) cardiovasculares en forma de arritmias; y d) psiquiátricas. La fracción de excreción de magnesio es útil para el diagnóstico. Conclusión: La hipomagnesemia es frecuente en el período perioperatorio. Las causas más frecuentes son: pérdidas gastrointestinales y renales. La deficiencia produce una variedad de manifestaciones clínicas. El sulfato de magnesio (MgSO4) debe ser reservado para pacientes con hipomagnesemia grave (‹ 1.2 mg/dL). La detección y corrección oportuna previene un incremento significativo de la morbilidad y mortalidad.


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