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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2012, Número 6

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Rev Invest Clin 2012; 64 (6)


¿Es la aldosterona un modulador del tono vascular?

Sánchez-Pozos K, Bobadilla NA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 102
Paginas: 546-557
Archivo PDF: 229.58 Kb.


RESUMEN

El endotelio vascular es un tejido dinámico, sensible a estímulos físicos y químicos. El hecho de que las células endoteliales se encuentren expuestas directamente a los componentes del fluido sanguíneo les proporciona la capacidad de regular diversas funciones fisiológicas, entre ellas la coagulación, el metabolismo de la pared vascular, la permeabilidad transcapilar de solutos y agua, y la remodelación del tejido vascular subyacente. Aunado a estas funciones, el endotelio vascular es trascendental en la regulación y mantenimiento local del tono vascular, función que realiza a través de la liberación de factores vasoactivos como el óxido nítrico, endotelina-1, angiotensina- II, adenosina, prostaciclinas, tromboxanos, radicales libres, entre otros compuestos no menos importantes. Estudios recientes sugieren un nuevo actor en el control del tono vascular: la aldosterona. De esta manera, las evidencias apuntan a que esta hormona mineralocorticoide puede producir vasoconstricción en condiciones fisiopatológicas, a través de activar genes como la endotelina-1, la glucosa 6 fosfato desdidrogenasa y cinasa Rho, así como alterar la fosforilación y actividad de la sintasa de óxido nítrico endotelial (eNOS). Asimismo, se ha observado la implicación de la aldosterona en la generación de estrés oxidante, acción que ejerce indirectamente a través de la reducción de la biodisponibilidad de nicotinamida-adeninadinucleótido- fosfato reducido (NADPH). Por lo tanto, esta revisión se centra en describir algunos de los mecanismos implicados en la regulación del tono vascular y revisar los estudios en los que se muestra la evidencia reciente del papel de la aldosterona como mediadora de esta función.


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