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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2012, Número 3

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Rev Invest Clin 2012; 64 (3)


La alimentación al seno materno y la presión arterial sistémica en el lactante

Hernández-González MA, Díaz-de-León LV, Guízar-Mendoza JM, Amador-Licona N, Cipriano-González M, Díaz-Pérez R, Murillo-Ortiz BO, De-la-Roca-Chiapas JM, Solorio-Meza SE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 39
Paginas: 227-233
Archivo PDF: 169.30 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción. Los niveles de la presión arterial en la infancia repercuten en los niveles observados en la adultez, se ha considerado a la lactancia materna como cardioprotector. Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación de los niveles de presión arterial con el tipo de alimentación en un grupo de lactantes. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio trasversal comparativo en lactantes de término y peso adecuado al nacimiento para comparar las cifras de presión arterial en niños alimentados con seno materno, con fórmula o alimentados con lactancia mixta. La comparación de los grupos se realizó mediante ANOVA y análisis de regresión múltiple para identificar las variables asociadas con niveles de presión arterial media. Un valor de p ‹ 0.05 fue considerado como significativo. Resultados. Se incluyeron 20 hombres y 24 mujeres por grupo. Los lactantes alimentados con fórmula presentaron mayor peso actual y mayor ganancia ponderal comparado con los otros dos grupos (p ‹ 0.05). Los valores de la presión arterial sistólica, diastólica y media, así como la frecuencia cardiaca y respiratoria mostraron mayores cifras en aquéllos alimentados con fórmula maternizada o mixta que los alimentados exclusivamente al seno materno (p ‹ 0.05). El análisis de regresión múltiple identificó que las variables asociadas con las cifras de presión arterial media fueron el índice de masa corporal actual, la ganancia ponderal y el grupo alimentado con fórmula. Conclusiones. Los lactantes al seno materno mostraron cifras de presión arterial más bajos, menor índice de masa corporal y menor ganancia ponderal.


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